752 Recent Literature. [ December, 
here brought together were at first referred to the Carnivora, others to 
the lemurine Quadrumana, others to the Insectivora ; others still have 
been supposed to have ungulate affinities, and others constitute Pro- 
fessor Marsh’s order Tillodontia. Professor Cope considers that his 
order Bunotheria cannot be defined so as to separate from it the existing 
Insectivora. Under this ordinal name he hence includes the existing 
Insectivora as a suborder, and considers that further investigations will 
be necessary to determine the relations of the Prosimie to this order. 
The Bunotheria are divided into five suborders: Creodonta, Mesodonta, 
Insectivora, Tillodonta, and Teniodonta, which subdivisions are re- 
as not more heterogeneous than those of the Marsupalia. The 
affinities of the Bunotheria are very divergent. . While the Insectivora 
maintain their typical characters, the Tillodonts show a certain kind of 
affinity with the Rodents, and the Tzniodonts present “a point of con- 
nection with the Edentates,” — the first hint of relationship between this 
anomalous order and the other mammals. The Mesodonts are appar- 
ently related to the Prosimie and Quadrumanes, as are the Creodonts 
to the Carnivores. If these interpretations prove to be correct, we have 
in the Bunotherians an extensive early generalized group foreshadowing 
the later more specialized mammalian orders of the present day. To 
this group are referred many of the mammalian genera of the ‘early 
Eocene of Europe, as well as the Wahsatch and Bridger faune of the 
early Eocene of North America. 
The order Amblypoda is regarded as the most generalized order of 
hoofed mammals, “ being intermediate in the structure of their limbs and 
feet between the Proboscidia, the Perissodactyla, and the Artiodactyla,” 
which fact, “together with the small size of the brain, places them in 
antecedent relation to the latter, in a systematic sense, connecting them 
with the lower mammals with small and smooth brains, still in existence ; 
and in a phylogenetic sense, since they precede the other orders in time, 
they stand in the relation of ancestors. It is doubtless true that the 
Amblypoda were the ancestors of all living ungulates, although no genus 
of the latter can yet be traced to any known genus of the former, such 
genera remaining for future discovery.” The proportional size of the 
brain, as shown by Professor Marsh, in respect to the Dinocerata (re- 
ferred by Cope to the Amblypoda) is more like that of reptiles than of 
mammals, and another reptilian feature is seen in the immovable tibio- 
tarsal articulation, — hints merely of a very remote reptilian relationship. 
Two suborders of this’ group are recognized, Pantodonta and Dino- 
cerata. To this order is referred the genus Coryphodon Owen (Bathmo- 
don Cope), several species of which are here described in detail, together 
with an account of the milk dentition. 
The Perissodactyla are represented in the Wahsatch Eocene by com- 
paratively few species, all of small size, but some of them were numet- 
ously represented in individuals. They belong chiefly to the genera — 
