CI\n. WARS. 119 



with the exception of a short interval, during winch the 

 Republic was administered by. Licenciado Jose del Valle, 

 remained in power until 183g, when the Federation came to 

 an end, and the h\e States, one by one, separated and re- 

 sumed their autonomy. Since then, they have kc^pt separate 

 under the names of Republics of Guatemala. I lojiduras, 

 Salvadoi', Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 



When the Royalists saw that they were completely 

 beaten by the Liberals, with the clergy they plotted against 

 the last, but with no other result than the sending in exile of 

 the bishops. They then entered into treaty with England for 

 the sale of their country to that power, but under the energy 

 and perseverance of General Morazan, the Confederation^ 

 although wavering, was still keeping a good front to the 

 attacks of the Royalists, when the cholera made a sudden 

 appearance in the country. In some way the Royalists 

 availed themselves of this disastrous event to induce the 

 Indians to a revolt. They put an Indian, the celebrated 

 Carrera, at the head of the Indians, and in 1837, ^^^ declared 

 war to General Morazan. Beaten several times by Morazan,. 

 he was at last victorious, and captured Guatemala, the capital, 

 on the 19th of March, 1840, and proclaimed himself President 

 of the Republic, the nth of December, 1844. 



Several attempts have been made by several Presidents 

 to form again a federation between the five Republics ; but 

 nothing has come out of them. 



Nicaragua proclaimed its independence on the 30th of 

 April, 1838, and from that time to now, has been direfted by 

 various Presidents under the names of Direftors of the 

 Government. 



Here is the list of all the Dire6lors and Presidents, since 

 1825, to date. It has been made out by by my esteemable 

 friend, Mr. Désiré Peéîor, Consul of the Republic of 

 Nicaragua, in Paris. 

 1825 — 1828 — Manuel A?itonio de la Cerda. 



1826 — Pedro P. Pineda, Provisional. 

 1826 — 1827 — Juan Arguello. 

 1829 — 1833 — Dionisio H errera. 



1830 — Juan Espinosa, Provisional. 



1833 — Benito Morales. 



1834 — José Nuiiez. 

 1^35 — I S3 7 — José Zepeta. 

 1837 — 1838 — Jose Nunez. 



1840 — Tomas Valladares. 



12 



