44 REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS. 



Snow Bunting, Plecirophanes nivalis. — At Heligoland, Sept. 

 17th, a few first arrivals ; Oct. 20th, great manj^ ; 2otli and 26th, 

 a few ; Nov. 20th, still great numbers, but very few old birds. 

 At Fame Inner l.h., Oct. 28th to Dec. 20th; ''rush," Nov. 16th, 

 and again Dec. 20th. At Teesmouth 5 Buoy l.v., from Nov. 7th 

 to the end of month, nearly on every day, immense numbers 

 passed ; all came from N., and were going S.W. At Flamborough, 

 Oct. 8th, first seen ; Jan. 13th, great many flocks. At Spurn l.h., 

 third week in October, a few ; 29th, many, after great gale from 

 E. and N.E. At Great Cotes, early in November, — 1st to 5th, — 

 many ; 24th, enormous flocks. At Yarmouth, middle of October. 

 At Harwich, Oct. 30th, many in Orwell river ; Nov. 4th, first 

 flock seen near Dovercourt (Zool., 1881, p. 26). None are recorded 

 from stations south of Harwich. The flocks consisted mainly of 

 the young of the year and old females ; very few old male birds. 

 The immigration of Snow Buntings on to the north-easterly 

 coasts in four distinct rushes, viz., at the end of October, in 

 November, December, and January, has been attended with 

 corresponding depressions of the barometer and outbursts of 

 Arctic weather, viz., the great gale E. to N.E., Oct. 28th, with 

 heavy snow in Scotland ; Nov. 18th to 20th, sharp frosts and 

 heavy snow-storms ; Dec. 14th and lotli, the same ; and Jan. 

 11th and 12th, same. Mr. Giltke has observed for some years a 

 very marked decrease in the number of Snow Buntings crossing 

 Heligoland. There has been a very great increase in the number 

 arriving on our east coast for the last six or seven winters, and it 

 is probable that, like the Shore Lark and other Arctic birds, the 

 line of migration now runs further to the west than formerly. 



Other Emherizince occurred as follows : — At Heligoland, 

 Oct. 11th, Ortolan Bunting, Emheriza hortiilana, many young; 

 24th, same ; Sept. 1st, pretty large numbers ; 8th and 9th, 

 many ; 15th, great many in potato-lands ; 29th, Eeed Bunting, 

 E. schcenicliiSf many ; Oct. 4th, great many ; 6th, same ; 

 8th, great many; 11th, same. Yellow Bunting, E. citrinellay 

 28th, many ; and same and Corn Buntings up to Nov. 20th, few 

 old birds. Little Bunting, E. j^^isilla, Sept. 26th, one ; 30th, 

 one ; Oct. 11th, one. On the east coast of England, at Great 

 Cotes, Sept. 30th, E. schoeniclus, many. At Spurn, Oct. 26th, a 

 few seen. At South-sand Head l.v., Aug. 29th, four to south. 



Chapfinch, Eringilla coelehs. — At Heligoland, Sept. 17th, 



