38 REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS. 



Great Cotes, first week in September, many in bean-fields. 

 Autumn : Heligoland, Aug. 14th, Ortolan Bunting, some ; 28th, 

 numerous ; first fortnight in October, E. schoeniclus, great many 

 daily ; 17th, great many, and to end of month. 



Snow Bunting, Plectrophanes nivalis (Linn.). — Spring : 

 Heligoland, Feb. 28th, 1882, great many ; March 28th, many. 

 5 Buoy Tees l.v., Spurn, and Inner Fame, in March ; large 

 flocks at Spurn on 4th. Autumn : A few old birds in September ; 

 7th and 8th, one each day at Skitter Haven, within the Humber. 

 Young birds first at Great Cotes, Sept. 28th ; occurred at stations 

 north of Humber in October, November, and December, to 

 January 2nd. Teesmouth, Dec. 1st, large flocks preceding the 

 heavy snow-storm on 5th. Heligoland, Oct. 24th, S.S.E., strong 

 and increasing, thick, " with thousands of others during forenoon 

 racing past overhead"; night, storm S.W. [No. 11] ; 29th, '*in 

 great masses in the fields"; and at intervals great numbers to 

 Nov. 21st. 



Sky Lark, Alauda arvensis, Linn. — Spring: Heligoland, Jan. 

 18th, 1882, N.N.W., all night great many, all day thousands 

 upon thousands over island, all to E. ; miles out at sea the same ; 

 Feb. 8th and 9th, great numbers across island ; 10th and 11th, 

 the same with Starlings, all to W. ; 15th, S.W., rain, from early 

 morning and all day, thousands from the east. Starlings same, 

 all very high; 25th, S.S.W., early, calm and fine, ''flights on 

 flights" to E. by N. ; 28th, Woodlark, A. arhorea, Linn., ''a small 

 party, the first " ; March 2nd, a flight. ' Spurn, March 27th, 

 flocks of Sky Larks all day passing. Autumn : First at Galloper 

 L.V., Sept. 20th, midnight to 4 p.m., " shoals," to Jan. 10th, 1883, 

 at 5 Buoy Tees l.v. ; altogether at twenty-nine stations, crossing 

 the whole east coast of England, and in immense numbers both by 

 night and day, direction E. to-W., or S.E. to N.W. ; Oct. 7th and 

 8th, great "rushes," again 10th and 13th, and again on 20th; 

 Nov. 12th, and on Dec. 13th to 15th inclusive, in the latter case 

 up the coast from N. to S., as well as directly inland from sea. 

 Larks appear to have been tolerably equally distributed over the 

 whole coast-line, and as usual to have crossed the North Sea in 

 enormous numbers, far outnumbering any other species. At 

 Heligoland, in the autumn, they^appear, from Mr. Gatke's notes, 

 to have passed on Oct. 11th, "great many passing above fog," 

 call-notes heard ; and subsequently in large numbers to Nov. 21st. 



