90 LEÖNHARD STE.JNEGER. 



4. Lagopus islandorum (Fabee) Bp. 



1786. — Tetrao lagopus Mohr, Isl. Naturh. p. 49 (nee Lin.) 



1822. — Tetrao islandorum Faber, Prodr. Isl. Orn. (p. 6.) 



1823. — Tetrao islandicus Brehm, Lehrb. Eur.Vög. p. 440. 

 1844. — Tetrao lagopus islandicus Sghleg., Rev. Grit. p. LXXVI. 

 1856. — Lagopus islandorum Bonap., Catal. Parzud. p. 13. 



1862. — Lagopus rupestris ß islandorum Blas. List. Eur. B. p. 16. 

 1871. — Lagopus mutus a islandorum Dubus, Gonsp. Av. Europ. p. 21. 



Having no material at hand at present, I am unable to point out 

 the characters and affinities of tbe present form with certainty. lt is there- 

 fore kept as a species provisionally until it can be satisfactorily demon- 

 strated, whether it is speeifieally or only subspeeifieally distinet, and in 

 the latter case to what species it really belongs. lt is said to be distin- 

 guished by a heavier bill, larger size and browner plumage than its next 

 allies. A not unimportant character seems to be that the females in 

 the winter-plumage have a very broad black transocular stripe, fully as 

 large a? the males. 



Inhabits Iceland, as its name indicates. 



5. Lagopus rupestris (Gm.) Leach. 



1788. — Tetrao rupestris Gm., Syst. Nat. I. p. 751. 



1817. — Lagopus rupestris Leach, Zool. Mise II p. 290. 



1818. — Tetrao lagopus Sabine, Trans. Lin. Soc. XII (p. 530). 



1831. — Tetrao (Lagopus) mutus Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. II p. 350 (part). 



? 1839. — Lagopus americanus Aud. Syn. (p. 207). 



1874. — Lagopus rupestris var. occidentalis Sundev., Ofr. Sv. Vet. Ac. 



Handl. 1874 n. 3 p. 19. 

 1874. — Lagopus mutus var. rupestris Ridgw., inB. Br. and Ridgw. Birds 



N. Amer III p. 462. 

 No European Ptarmigan in preästival plumage will match the 

 same plumage of rupestris, nor will the postästival garb ofthe latter ever 

 assume a color like that of the autumnal dress of its European relatives. 



