132 The Humming Bird. 



To him is due the abolition of slavery in Brazil. He was a 

 learned Scientist, and to the last, he showed a great interest 

 in Zoology and Geography. 



A few days before his death, he assisted to the meeting of 

 the French Institute, to which scientific body, he belonged as 

 Foreign Member. Very often be presided the meetings, of the 

 Geographical Society of Paris, and it is not long ago that 

 he came to London, and visited the Royal Geographical 

 Society. M. H.-W. Bates, who was then the Assistant Secre- 

 tary, had the honour to attend him. Although Dom Pedro 

 was a very liberal monarch, a revolution resulting in the 

 proclamation of the Republic in Brazil, took place the 15 th 

 of November 1890, and he was obliged to abdiquate and 

 leave the country with all his family. He came to France 

 and resided alternately on the Riviera, or in Paris. 



Shortly after his arrival in France, he lost his wife, the 

 Empress. 



1891. — December 7 th , M. Alphand, Director of the public 

 works of Paris, died aged 74. He succumbed to cerebral con- 

 gestion complicated with palsy. M. Alphand was born the 

 26 th October 1817, and was a well known figure in Paris. It 

 is him who had the direction of the parks and promenades. 

 He had been selected for that post by the celebrated Baron 

 Haussmann. All those who have visited the International Ex- 

 hibitions of 1S67, 1878 and 1889 will remember how he trans- 

 formed the Trocadero and Champ de Mars in delightful gar- 

 dens, the admiration of all the Visitors. In 1889, he was 

 appointed General Director of the Works of the Exhibition, 

 and he surpassed himself. It was a real pleasure to see him on 

 the grounds. By his activity and talents, he contributed im- 

 mensely to the success of the Exhibition. His nomination as 

 Grand Gordon de la. Légion d'honneur, was the reward, of his 

 efforts. He was a Knight of the same Order since 1882. 



1891. — December 22 d . Mgr Freppel, Bishop of Angers, 

 died in that town, aged 64. — Charles-Emile Freppel was 

 born at Obernay (Bas-Rhin) the first of July 1827. He made 

 his studies at the Seminary of Strassburg. He was appointed 

 Professor of Theology at the Sorbonne somewhere in 1854, 

 and occupied that chair up to 1870. In 1S68, he was nomi- 

 nated Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. In 1870, he was 

 promoted Bishop of Angers. In 1880, he was elected Deputy 

 for the Department of Finistère, which he represented up to 

 the time of his death. 



In the Legislative Chamber, he was a prominent member 

 and deliverednot less than 120 discourses on several subjects ; 

 but chiefly against the laïcisation of schools, and such like. 

 He was the author of twenty-eight volumes treating of reli- 

 gious matters, 



