292 



KIDD'S OWN JOURNAL. 



and having their walls formed by a multitude 

 of nucleated granules. These angular cells 

 are laid at right angles to the long axis of 

 the Sponge, extending from the outer sur- 

 face to the inner ; and they are crossed, near 

 the middle, by a thin partition, perforated in 

 the centre. In this perforation, several long, 

 whiplike cilia were seen lashing with energy, 

 and the same organs were afterwards found 

 to be connected with the granules of which 

 the cell- walls were composed. By means of 

 the wavings of these cilia, then, the water is 

 made to flow through the cells from without, 

 being discharged into the interior of the sack 

 and poured out in streams from the orifices 

 (oscula) which terminate the angles of the 

 Sponge. 



This beautiful and interesting discovery 

 leaves no doubt of the animal nature of the 

 Sponges.— P. H. G. 



Abridged _ from No. 3 of " Excelsior, " a new 

 monthly periodical. 



THE TWO WAYS; 



OR, 



RIGHT AND WRONG. 



There are two ways to Kve on earth — 



Two ways to judge, to act, to view; 

 For all things here have double birth — 



A right and wrong — a false and true ! 

 Give me the home where kindness seeks 



To make that sweet which seemeth small, 

 Where every lip in fondness speaks, 



And every mind hath care for all — 



Whose inmates live in glad exchange 



Of pleasures, free from vain expense; 

 Whose thoughts beyond their means ne'er range, 



Nor wise denials give offence ! — 

 Who in a neighbor's fortunes find 



No wish, no impulse to complain — 

 Who feel not, never felt, the mind 



To envy yet another's gain ! 



Though Fate deny its glittering store, 



Love's wealth is still the wealth to choose ; 

 For all that gold can purchase more 



Are gauds it is no loss to lose 1 

 Some beings, wheresoe'er they go, 



Find nought to please, or to exalt — 

 Their constant study but to show 



Perpetual modes of finding fault ; 



While others, in the ceaseless round 



Of daily wants, and daily care, 

 Can yet cull flowers from common ground, 



And twice enjoy the joy they share ! 

 Oh ! happy they who happy make — 



Who, blessing, still themselves are blest ! — 

 Who something spare for others' sake 



And strive in all things for the best ! 



S. 



NOTES ON PHOTOGRAPHY. 



f Continued from Page 204. J 



No. III.- PRINTING PROCESS. 



Having, my dear Sir, in the two previous 

 papers, given plain and simple directions for 

 taking Collodion Pictures on glass, I now 

 propose to show how to print copies on 

 paper, from the glass negatives of which we 

 have already spoken, and which we have 

 fully described. 



The principle of this operation is. that the 

 negatives (of which the dark shades are 

 transparent and the white ones opaque, as 

 may be seen by holding them to the light), 

 being laid on the prepared paper, the light 

 penetrates the darks, and blackens the paper 

 underneath ; whilst, under the impervious 

 whites, it is left colorless. It is "fixed" 

 after this, when sufficiently dark, and the 

 picture is according to nature. By this 

 method, copies from any negative may be 

 obtained to an indefinite extent. 



An apparatus, called a " pressure frame," 

 is useful, yet not indispensable for the print- 

 ing process ; for a sheet of glass and a board 

 (though more troublesome to manage) are 

 equally effective. Most kinds of paper will 

 not do for this, as their surfaces are uneven. 

 A good smooth paper is manufactured for 

 the purpose by Canson Freres (a French 

 house), and is sold at most photographic 

 establishments.* Cut your paper to any 

 required size, and mark each sheet with a 

 pencil-mark in one corner. Pour into one 

 of your porcelain trays a solution (previously 

 made) consisting of hydrochlorate of ammo- 

 nia, \ oz. ; distilled water, ^ pint. 



Lay each sheet, in turn, on this (with the 

 marked side down), and let it float from 

 three to four minutes — taking care that no 

 air-bells are underneath, for wherever they 

 are the salt will not get to the paper ; and 

 that none of the liquid runs over the back of 

 the sheet. The paper will lose its tendency 

 to curl off the water, if previously slightly 

 damped between blotting-paper. Drain each 

 sheet as you remove it, till it ceases to drip ; 

 and then dry it amongst blotting-paper. It 

 will keep, thus salted, for any length of 

 time. To render it sensitive to light, it 

 must now be floated on a solution of nitrate 

 of silver, of 60 grains to the ounce of water ; 

 or just double the strength of that used for 

 the Collodion process. 



This part of the operation must be done in 

 the darkened chamber. The paper is floated 

 as on the ammonia solution, the same care 

 being taken to avoid stains. From four to 

 five minutes is a common time for the paper 

 to soak ; but after a few trials, the beginner 



* Ask for Can sons' " Positive " paper, and 

 observe their name in the paper. 



