MELIANA ELAMMEA. 35 



tenderly outlined with black ; beneath were other very 

 minute black dots ; the prolegs of the same tint as the 

 belly, with dark brown hooks. 



The pupa was 1\ lines in length, of a slender, rather 

 cylindrical figure, the head rounded above and pro- 

 duced a little obtusely beneath, the thorax rather the 

 stoutest part, otherwise the pupa was nearly of equal 

 substance throughout ; the wing-covers of moderate 

 length wrapped close to the body, the moveable rings 

 of the abdomen deeply cut, each with an anterior 

 margin of punctate roughness on the back ; the last 

 two rings tapered to the anal tip, which was furnished 

 with two very minute thorny points and curly-topped 

 bristles ; its colour, at first light brown, soon became 

 reddish-brown, and in twenty-four hours the darkest 

 mahogany-brown, later to blackish-brown, the surface 

 rather shining. 



After all the insects were bred, an examination of 

 the interior of the stems showed one piece of four and 

 a half inches long, having a knot at one-third of the 

 length, and in this shorter division one puparium and 

 a pupa skin, with its tail near the knot; on the other 

 side of the knot in the longer division two pupa skins, 

 one beyond the other, lying so that the tails of all 

 three pointed towards the knot ; a diaphragm of silk 

 mixed with gnawed particles from the lining membrane 

 of the stem was at either end of each puparium, which 

 in length varied from nine to eleven lines, and com- 

 fortably held the shrivelled-up larva skin ; the dia- 

 phragm in front of the middle occupant had been 

 doubled in thickness, and probably this insect had to 

 wait for its escape until the puparium in front was 

 freed. Two other stems, about two and a half inches 

 in length, contained two pupa skins in each, with their 

 tails towards each other, three shorter pieces of stem 

 had in each one pupa skin ; another stem three inches 

 long was like all the others in being well lined with silk ; 

 it held a single diaphragm, but was otherwise empty. 

 (W. B., 27, 6, 83 ; E.M.M., XX, p. 63, 1883.) 



