SCOPULA OLIVALIS. 167 



When full-fed the larva is restless and wanders 

 over the plant till it finds a suitable leaf, and then 

 with silk threads it folds or twists it up tightly for a 

 puparium, and makes for itself within, by way of 

 cocoon, a very open-worked web of coarse meshes. 



The pupa is from seven-sixteenths to half an inch in 

 length, moderately slender, the parts of the head well 

 developed, the wing-covers long, the leg-cases extend- 

 ing beyond them, the thorax well produced and 

 slightly keeled on the back, also on the upper abdo- 

 minal segments, and there the spiracles are a little 

 prominent ; from thence the flexible segments taper 

 gradually, the last two rapidly to a projecting knob, 

 furnished with three or four curled-topped converging 

 spines ; the colour is pitchy black, with brown seg- 

 mental divisions, antenna- and leg-cases ; it is rather 

 shining, though most lustre is on the head and thorax. 

 (William Buckler, 11th February, 1880; E.M.M., 

 March, 1880, XVI, 227.) 



Some larvse beaten out of stinging-nettles at 

 Hambleton, near Selby, during Whitsuntide last 

 (1879), produced this species. 



Length when full-grown nearly an inch, and of 

 moderate bulk in proportion ; the head has the lobes 

 rounded, is glossy, and about the same width as the 

 second segment ; body cylindrical and of nearly 

 uniform width, tapering only very slightly at the 

 extremities ; each segment is plump and rounded, ren- 

 dering the divisions distinct, and each has also a 

 transverse depression in its centre ; the skin is rather 

 glossy and semi-translucent ; a short hair is emitted 

 from each tubercle. 



The ground colour is pale bluish-grey, though some 

 specimens have a strong under-ground of greenish ; 

 the head is grey much marbled with black, the man- 

 dibles brown ; the dark green alimentary canal forms 

 the dorsal line, and there is a pale greyish stripe, 

 almost a ridge, along the spiracular region. Its most 

 noticeable feature, however, is the tubercles, which 



