EPHESTIA A LITE Al I SI UL LA. 217 



In such situations one might naturally suppose 

 these larvae would be more than usually free from 

 molestation, but experience proves this not to be the 

 case, as it happens that very few larvae are so lucky 

 as to escape an attack by a small prying ichneumon, 

 their inveterate foe, Lissonota hortorum Grav., speci- 

 mens of which have been kindly identified by the 

 Rev. T. A. Marshall. 



On the 7th of December, 1871, many of the larvae 

 were found to be quite small, others more than half- 

 grown, while some of the ichneumons had already 

 formed their cocoons in the mines of their victims ; 

 indeed, towards the end of the month one female 

 ichneumon was bred, and during the montli of March 

 and the first week of April, 1872, Mr. D'Orville bred 

 as many as seventeen of both sexes, and, had these 

 been at large, no doubt they would have sought out a 

 number of the remaining larvae of E. artemisiella in 

 which to deposit their eggs, thus causing their 

 destruction both in autumn and in spring. In fact, 

 both E. artemisiella and its parasite become full-fed 

 in the larva state over a period of some latitude ; 

 but, while the ichneumon has also the same ran ore for 

 the appearance of the imago, E. artemisiella is, in 

 that respect, more restricted, all the moths we bred 

 (some fourteen in number) appearing between the 

 23rd of June and the 18th of July. 



That we bred any moths seemed strange, for 

 although the root-stalks of wormwood were traversed 

 in many directions by the mines of the larvae, yet, on 

 cutting some of them open, I found but one living 

 larva amongst a host of ichneumon pupae. 



As the young larva of this species differs only in 

 size from the adult, it will be sufficient to describe it 

 when fall -grown. 



At that time, when extended, its length is half an 

 inch, very plump and fat-looking, cylindrical, and 

 tapering from the third segment just a little towards 

 the head, which is a trifle the smallest ; the anal seg- 



