PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES. 



HOW TO MAKE A SATURATED OR 

 STANDARD SOLUTION. 



Take hot water (not boiling), add the 

 chemical salt slowly, stirring constantly. 

 Do not add more salt until each addition is 

 perfectly dissolved. Continue the operation 

 until water refuses to dissolve more of the 

 salt. Test for temperature with thermome- 

 ter. When solution has cooled to 65 degrees 

 Fahrenheit, test with hydrometer for specific 

 gravity. Refer to following table. Note if 

 your hydrometer marks the degree of twad- 

 dle called for in a saturated solution of the 

 salt you are using. The percentage column 

 gives the amount of salt in your solution. 

 You can then easily figure the necessary 

 amount of the saturated solution required in 

 the particular formula which you may desire 

 to use. Keep standard solutions in well 

 stoppered bottles, and in a dark place. 



Use a Fahrenheit hot water thermometer. 



TWADDLE HYDROMETERS. 



No. I Twaddle marks from o to 25 degrees. 



24 " 50 



50" 80 



72 " 106 



100 " 136 



It is well for the photographer to own a 

 complete set of hydromete'rs ; but >f your 

 operations are confined to two or three salts, 

 it is only necessary to purchase the hydrom- 

 eter which will cover your work, and it can 

 be easily selected by the aid of the above 

 table. 



Specific gravity, degrees Twaddle, per- 

 centage of salts of the formuia given, in a 

 saturated solution of the salts named, at 65 

 degrees Fahrenheit : 





1 



u 





73 g 





Formula. 







ft 



oTw. 



*• bo 



re 



u. — 1 



0) 3 





, 







«*-i 



ACID. 











Citric 



CeHsOyHaO . . . 



1.300 



60 



65.2 



AiUM. 











Chrome .... 



Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 K2SO4- 

 24 H 2 



1.1-14 



22K 



21. 1 



Potash 



AI 2 (S0 4 )3K 2 S04- 

 24 H 2 



1.060 



12 



11.5 



COPPER 











Sulphate .... 

 IRON. 



Proto-Sulphate 

 LEAD 



Acetate. C. P. 



CuS0 4 5 H 2 . . 



1.227 



45^ 



31.1 



FeS0 4 .7U 2 



1.244 



48^ 



39-7 



(Walpole) .... 



1.272^ 



WA 



jo-4 



Nitrate 



Pb(N0 3 > 2 .... 



1.442 



. 88% 



V- 



POTASH 











Bichromate . . 



K 2 Cr 2 7 



1.077 



iW. 



10 A 



Carbonate, 98 



K2CO3 



1.582 



nbV 9 



^2.1 



Oxalate .... 



K 2 C 2 4 H 2 . . . 



1. 215 



43 



So. 



Ferricyanide . 



K 3 FeCve 



1. 195 



39 



32.2 



Y. Prussiate . . 



K 4 FeCy 6 3 H 2 . 



1. 163 



VK 



2S.7 



SODA 











Acetate .... 



NaC 2 H 3 2 3 OH 2 



1. 174 



34 



S2.4 



Carbonate . . . 



Na 2 C0 3 .io H 2 . 



1. 194 



« 



47-1 



Crvs. Carb. . . 



Na 2 C0 3 .OH 2 . . 1 



1. 194 



-\m 



20.4 



Hyposulphite . 



Na 2 S 2 3 .5 H 2 . 1 



1-394 



im 



61.9 



Sulphite .... 



Na 2 S0 3 5 H 2 . | 



1.220 



44 



43-3 



It has been suggested that Jackson's Hole 

 should be added to the National Park. This 

 might work a hardship on some of the set- 

 tlers, but would certainly add greatly to the 

 extent and efficiency of our national game 

 preserve. 



Salting and Sensitizing Solutions 

 for Plain Paper. — The following gives 

 excellent results on Whatman rough paper 

 with platinum: 



Gelatine 115 grains 



Ammonium chloride 70 grains 



Water 20 grains 



Float paper two minutes in warm solu- 

 tion; hang up to dry. The coated side 

 should be marked. Sensitize by flotation, 

 or by means of Blanchard brush, on a solu- 

 tion of silver nitrate, 40 grains per ounce of 

 distilled water. 



Paper should be used same day as made, 

 or, if dried well, may be placed in calcium 

 tube, when it will keep. If this be done be- 

 fore printing, the paper should have a little 

 moisture imparted to it by placing it in a damp 

 place for a short time. Print fully. — Photo- 

 gram. 



To prepare white ink, a mucilage of gum 

 acacia is prepared, and with this is mixed 

 zinc white in sufficient quantity. In order to 

 make the ink smooth, after mixing the zinc 

 white the whole is well rubbed with a palette 

 knife or glass muller on a slab of glass. 

 A few drops of carbolic acid is added as a 

 preservative. 



Congress in the year 2,000. The Bloomer party was 

 debating on its suffrage bill in a manner that 

 showed the Man party that if something wasn't 

 done soon their cause would be a lost one. The 

 grim-visaged Senator from New York whispered 

 something into the ear of the page standing near 

 him, who then went to the rear of the hall. Just as 

 the Bloomer party was about to call a quorum a voice 

 yelled: "A mouse!"' Press dispatch — "Congress 

 adjourned." — Syracuse Post. 



Copyright, 1894, by Walpole Dye & Chemical Co. 



Though yet a youngster I have had some experi- 

 ence with rod, gun, etc. Recreation delights me. 

 My imagination is with woodcock or trout while 

 reading it, though in reality I may be burning mid- 

 night oil. Enclosed find Si. 00. for which please send 

 Recreation to my friend whose address is given on 

 slip herewith. 



C. W. Broomell, 1804 Green street, Philadelphia. 



Recreation is all that its name implies. I would 

 not know how to do without it. Our newsdealer here 

 sells 30 copies a month. 



V. A. Biggs, Southampton, L. I. 



Showy Sea Shells, 



Minerals, Birds Eggs and Skins, Corals, Fos- 

 sils, Curios, Glass Eyes, Supplies, Books, etc. 

 Wholesale and retail. Send stamp for Cata. 



WALTER F. WEBB, ALBION, N. Y. 



198 



