RECREATION. 



average salary of the forest officer was also 

 increased. The service was arranged so 

 as to give the rangers and deputy rangers 

 a chance to rise in the service and the better 

 educated guards were given an opportunity 

 of becoming foresters. The whole service, 

 especially the provincial service, was ar- 

 ranged with a view of attracting the most 

 suitable classes of the country, as follows : 



The inspector general of forests is the 

 professional adviser of the government of 

 India and the local governments on all im- 

 portant forestry subjects, controls the for- 

 est school, at Dehra Dun, and has charge 

 or general supervision of the forest surveys 

 and working plans. The conservator of 

 forests, whether in charge of the forest 

 management of a whole province or a circle 

 forming part of a province, is regarded as 

 the head of the department of that district 

 and is subject to the inspector general. The 

 conservator has more influence on the pros- 

 perity of the department under his charge 

 than any other officer. The director of the 

 forest school at Dehra Dun is a conserva- 

 tor of the school circle. A conservatorship, 

 whether of a province or a circle, is divided 

 into a number of divisions, each in charge 

 of members of the controlling staff. The 

 more important divisions are in charge of 

 officers of the imperial service, while the 

 minor divisions are in charge of provincial 

 service officers. These divisions are divided 

 into ranges looked after either by junior 

 officers of the provincial service or by rang- 

 ers and deputy rangers, and in some in- 

 stances by foresters. The ranger is the 

 executive officer of the tract under his 

 charge and is directly responsible to the 

 divisional officer for the protection and 

 management of the forest in each detail.. 

 Rangers should possess high technical edu- 

 cation. The range is divided into a num- 

 ber of beats, in charge of forest guards. 

 The number of various officers in the forest 

 service is as follows : 



Imperial Service. — Inspector General of 

 Forests, I ; Conservators, 19 ; Deputy Con- 

 servators, 117; Assistant Deputy Conserva- 

 tors, 63. 



Provincial Service. — Extra Deputy Con- 

 servators, 5 ; Extra Assistant Deputy Con- 

 servators, 107 ; Rangers, 437 ; Deputy Rang- 

 ers and Foresters, 1,226; Guards, 8,533; 

 total, 10,508. 



The British forest officers were formerly 

 educated in the continental forest schools. 

 In 1884 a national forest school was started 

 in connection with the Cooper's Hill col- 

 lege for engineering. The course extends 

 over 3 years. Most of the last year is spent 

 visiting the schools and forests on the conti- 

 nent. Dr. Schlich is the present head of the 

 college, Professor Fisher being his assist- 

 ant. A rigid physical examination must be 

 passed before entering the forest school. 



The degree of C. I. E. (Certified Indian 

 Engineer) is given on completion of the 

 course. 



The Dehra Dun forest school educates 

 rangers and foresters for the province in- 

 cluded within the Bengal presidency and 

 Madras. There are 2 courses, one given in 

 English for the rangers and the other in the 

 vernacular for the foresters. The school 

 was started in 1878 as the result of the sug- 

 gestion of Sir D. Brandis.. Capt. F. Bailey, 

 R. E., was the first director; J. S. Gamble 

 is the present director. 



WHAT A GOVERNMENT FORESTER MUST 

 KNOW. 



The interior' department employs a force 

 of supervisors, superintendents, inspectors 

 and rangers on the forest reservations, who 

 are selected not by civil service examina- 

 tions, but are expected to be able to answer 

 the following questions : 



What is the extent of your general education? 

 State whether you have received a common school, 

 high school, college or university education. 



State fully what technical, scientific or pro- 

 fessional studies you have pursued. 



If you have attended any scientific, profes- 

 sional or technical school or college, state what 

 school or college, the length of time you attended 

 each, the courses of study pursued, whether you 

 were graduated, and the exact date of such 

 graduation. 



If you have any practical knowledge of a me- 

 chanical trade or trades, the length of time you 

 have worked thereat, and where, when (giving 

 dates) and under whom you have so worked. If 

 you have served an apprenticeship, so state. 



If there are any branches of the profession or 

 occupation for which you regard yourself as 

 especially expert, state what branches. 



What has been your business or occupation for 

 each of the past five years? 



State fully where, when and how long and 

 for whom you worked, and what particular work 

 you did in the following: 



Have you ever felled timber with ax and saw? 

 State where and when. 



Have you ever driven teams in the woods, skid- 

 ding, hauling, etc. ? State where and when. 



Can you handle and keep in order a crosscut 

 saw? 



Have you ever handled steam logging devices, 

 skidders, pull boat, etc. ? State where, when and 

 how long. 



Have you ever built or operated chutes and 

 slides or flumes for timber? Where and for 

 whom? 



Have you ever laid out logging roads for 

 wagens and for sleighs? 



Have you ever built such roads? 



Have you ever built or operated logging rail- 

 ways? 



Have you ever built dams? 



Have you driven logs or rafted timber? 



Have you built log houses or camps? 



Have you worked in saw-mills? State what, 

 where and when. 



Have you worked at any other woodcraft? 

 State what. 



Have you scaled timber and lumber, and what 

 scale do you know best? 



Have you estimated standing timber? State 

 where, when, how long and for whom. 



What methods of estimating are you most fa- 

 miliar with? Here state how you usually esti- 

 mate. 



Do you know the strip and circle methods? 



Have you ever measured standing timber? 



