

OF 



WITH SOME REMARKS ON THE FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF HYPOGENE ROCKS 



AND ON THE METAMORPHIC THEORY. 



Mr ulo Ubin is an Island lying in the strait between Singapore and the coast of the Malayan 

 Peninsula , of which the eastern extremity faces the entrance of the Johore river. It is 

 about five miles in length , with a general direction from E. by SE. to W. by NW. , and 

 has a varying breadth from a mile to 3 / 4 of a mile. 



In detailing the results of four or five visits which I have made to it within the last 

 few months , I shall first endeavour to convey some conception of the distinctive aspect of 

 the Island , or that which would strike a stranger ; and this object wiil be best served by 

 giving my own first impressions as they were written down at the time in my Journal , 

 even although they embrace some ideas that were afterwards corrected by a wider survey. 

 I shall next describe the rocks of the Island , so far as I have observed them , noticing 

 slightly the sccnery where it is most remarkable for its beauty. The concluding portion of 

 the paper will be occupied with some deductions from the preceding details , a notice of 

 the relations between the Island and the adjacent localities and some remarks upon its hea- 

 ring on geological theories current at present. 



To begin then with the impressions made by the first sight of the Island. I crossed from a small 

 Malayan campong on the coast of Singapore opposite Pulo Ubin } called Passier Ries. There is 

 here a deep indentation in the Singapore coast , or rather two hilly and wooded points {Tan- 

 jong Changy and Tanjong Pongal) , advance from it towards each extremity of P. Ubin and in- 

 clude with its southern shore a noble sheet of water about three miles long and two miles broad 

 save at its extremities, where it is contracted between the Points and P. Ubin to straits of about 

 one mile in breadth. This Island-fronted Bay must originally have been much greater on the 

 Singapore side, as the creek of Siravgoon winds through a broad expanse of mangrove jungle, 

 and terminates in a swampy valley the whole of which has been accumulated on the old 

 sea bed (1). As we left Passier Ries, the Strait, land locked on all sides and smooth on its 



fl) What follows as far as p. 7 was copied from my Journal in a paper, chiefly relating to Ptnang , which I 

 tent to the Royal Geograpbical Society of Loodoo in June last. 



22' te deel. 1847. A. 



