
AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY. 155 
Brown-black tones are obtained by put- 
ting the prints directly into the platinum 
bath without any previous gold toning. 
Another formula, by which the platinum 
tone is secured in one operation and which 
may be used on any and all papers, is as 
follows: 
Platiniing chloride)... 0)... I5 grains 
SiiowGde of copper... . 604. 20 grains 
Sat. solution of citric acid... 2 ounces. 
This is a strong stock solution. For 
toning, use one-dram to I5 ounces of 
water. Prints will give a fine platino color 
in 3 to 5 minutes. Then fix in hypo, one 
to 30, for I0 minutes and wash. 
This is as nearly as possible the ‘‘Single 
Platino toning bath’ now on the market. 

NOTES AND COMMENTS. 
In answer to A. G., in regard to develop- 
ing plates, so as to retain the clouds in 
negatives, I advise him’to use a developer 
weak in pyro, eilso, hydro, or any other 
of the reducing agents and having a small 
excess of alkali. Flow the plate with this | 
developer until a faint outline of the image 
appears. Then keep the developer from the 
sky as much as possible. This can be 
done by tilting the tray so the solution 
just reaches the sky line, and then flow it 
from side to side, allowing it to flow over 
the whole plate about every 10 seconds to 
keep development even; otherwise there 
would probably be a streak at the sky line. 
A plate developed in the ordinary manner 
where the sky has been allowed to develop 
too far, and the clouds have been lost in 
density, can be printed by making an out- 
line print of the negative; then with a small 
pair of scissors cut away the sky portion of 
the print and allow the remaining portion 
to blacken in the sun. Screen the negative 
with this paper and print until clouds ap- 
pear; then remove, and finish printing. 
The best cloud negatives are made with 
ortho, or isochromatic plates, in conjunc- 
tion with a color screen. I believe those 
made by Bausch & Lomb Optical Company 
to be as good as the best. The cloud nega- 
tives made in this way require a little more 
care in developing, as they are sensitive to 
red and yellow rays, and should be protect- 
ed from the ruby light as much as pos- 
sible in developing. Landscape negatives 
obtained in this manner have a brilliancy 
far superior to the ordinary negative. 
The best cloud effects are produced by 
double printing. When you see an excep- 
tionally fine display of clouds photograph 
them, and by screening, as advised above, 
print sky from the negative, then screen 
sky portion and print landscape. 
W. C. Morris, Irvington, N. Y. 

This bath will work well for prints made 
from negatives developed with either de- 
velopers given in April RECREATION. 
Print a little darker than wanted when 
prints are finished. Wash in 5 or 6 changes 
of water, or until all the free silver is re- 
moved. 
Make 2 stock solutions as follows, to 
have on hand in 2 separate bottles: 
Stock solution No. 1: 
WiatGn s.8b cuca se olives I5 ounces, 
Pure chloride gold.... 15 grains. 
Stock solution No. 2: 
AW atekent <ieototy. ssc. 2 ounces. 
PCE ates SOM dig pare'n <1 4 ete _ I ounce, 
To tone take ; 
\I\ ENS aap ies ie atta Sea eae 32 ounces. 
Stock solution No. I.. I ounce. 
Stock solution No. 2.. % ounce. 
Then make bath slightly alkaline with 
borax, testing with red litmus paper. 
The paper will turn slightly blue when 
enough borax has been added. 
A saturated solution of borax should be 
made up and kept on hand for this purpose. 
Prepare the bath at least one hour before 
using. After toning to the desired shade, 
which should be reached in 8 or Io min- 
utes, throw into a clean dish of water un- 
til all prints are toned. Then wash in 3 
changes of water. Then fix for 10 min- 
utes in 
1a BiG 070 Wma tags Seam pen earn I ounce. 
WWraite lege iact estore os at te 16 ounces. ~ 
After fixing wash one hour in runmring 
water and see that prints are separated. 
Mount with any good starch or flour 
paste, and when nearly dry burnish with 
a hot burnisher, using Castile soap for lubri- 
cator=- Ae C.. 5. Pranklin Pals; N. H: 

What causes red spots to appear on 
platino paper when put in a plain gold 
bath? Sometimes only part of the prints 
are spoiled and sometimes all of them. 
C. W. Speelman, Bemidji, Minn. 
ANSWER. 
Such spots are usually due to perspira- 
tion from the hands, or to the manner in 
which prints are handled during washing 
and toning. When the hands perspire 
freely the perspiration soaks off in wash- 
ing waters, and getting on the face of 
prints catises greasy spots which repel 
toning bath. Air-bubbles forming under 
prints in washing waters also cause the 
greasy appearing spots. 
Before commencing to wash prints for 
toning wash the hands and trays thor- 
oughly with borax or bicarbonate of 
soda. Never clean trays with soap and 
never wash the hands with soap just be- 
fore commencing to tone a batch of 
prints. Do not allow air-bubbles to 
form on prints during washing. Handle 
prints as little as possible; keep them face 
down; use plenty of water and rock the 
tray. Do not use a shallow toning bath. 
If a small amount of bath is used, use a 





