TKOOHILIUM PHILANTHIFORME. 51 



examples of the very curious puparium constructed 

 by the larva sometimes ; apparently more frequently 

 the larva pupates within the tuft of the food-plant, 

 and when the insect is about to emerge the pupa 

 make its way upwards, through the silk-lined excavated 

 passage, which is continued upwards from the bottom 

 through the solid materials of the tuft, and the pupa 

 protrudes itself free from the tuft excepting only the 

 last segment, which is sufficient to sustain it from 

 falling; it was in this manner that both my moths 

 were disclosed. 



In the other instances the larva constructs a silk 

 tube or gallery covered externally with grains of 

 "frass' : of the same dingy hue as the tuft, from 

 which it projects to the length of an inch or even two 

 inches ; sometimes this projecting tube will stand out 

 from the tuft almost perpendicularly, at other times 

 it is at a considerable angle or even in a horizontal 

 position ; towards the extremity it is generally rounded 

 off rather abruptly. The diameter of this tube at the 

 end is about three- sixteenths of an inch, frequently a 

 little less near the base within the tuft, from which it 

 springs ; this tube is not always quite straight, but is 

 sometimes a trifle tortuous. 



It is within this tube that the larva sometimes 

 undergoes its change to the pupa state ; in one which 

 I opened the pupa was lying very near the top. 

 Another one was empty, there being a hole at the top 

 through which the pupa had pushed itself for the 

 escape of the moth. 



The pupa was half an inch long, not very stout, and 

 tapering gradually to the anal end; the head was 

 rather pointed, the eye-covers distinct and large, the 

 thorax arched and full ; the wing-cases were of mode- 

 rate length and wrapped close to the body; the 

 antenna- and leg-cases long, a portion of the latter 

 projecting free from the body. The abdominal segments 

 were well incised, each having on the dorsal surface 

 two transverse ridges, of which the anterior ridge was 



