PHRAGMAMCIA ARUNDINIS. 59 



blotches on the thoracic segments were smaller than 

 the others, dark hairs proceeding from all. (W. B., 

 Note Book III, 148.) 



COSSUS LIGNIPERDA. 



Plate XXXI, fig. 3. 



My first figure, taken March 17th, 1860, was from a 

 larva found at Lumley in its last year of feeding. It 

 was observed to protrude its head from an oak tree 

 which was being cut down, the head appearing almost 

 close to the saw, which was employed about a couple 

 of inches from the ground. The carpenter took it out 

 of the tree for me ; it then measured about three and 

 a quarter inches. This must have been in its third 

 year. 



My second figure was from a larva which I concluded 

 to be in its second year ; it measured two and a quarter 

 inches. I found it in a piece of poplar cut near the 

 top of a decayed tree on the 22nd of April, 1873. The 

 tree had been so infested with this species as to have 

 lost all its foliage, and had become a melancholy spec- 

 tacle in a London garden. 



A friend sent me a yard of the tree, the second yard 

 from the top ; the diameter at the largest end was about 

 a foot. It was no heavier than cork. I sawed this piece 

 longitudinally into two halves and so revealed to view 

 the mines which traversed it from end to end ; though 

 somewhat tortuous in character yet the three or four 

 laid open were all more or less in a perpendicular 

 direction with the grain of the wood, and at two or 

 three knots, or where branches had been, there were 

 holes or exits seven-eighths of an inch in diameter on 

 the external surface of what little bark remained, thus 

 rather small at the exit but larger (an inch and a 

 quarter) within ; near the opening in one was an empty 

 cocoon of particles of wood spun together. The mines 

 were as large as one's thumb, others the size of a 



