136 COSSUS LIGNIPERDA. 



from elm ; and on October 9th from elm ; the pupa July 

 22nd, 1871, the imago from which was bred August 4th. 

 I have never seen the egg 9 and have no description 

 of the small larvae I have occasionally found, but re- 

 member them as rather fuller coloured than the larger 

 ones. In 1886, August 7th, Mr. G. T. Porritt sent 

 me five larvae, the biggest of which I described, but it 

 was not full grown, and would feed, I suppose, through 

 the autumn, before it made its cocoon for hibernation. 

 Its length was 50 mm., greatest width 10 mm. at 

 segments 2 and 3, figure thence tapering backwards, 

 13 being the smallest segment; the segments well 

 cut, the head flat, almost heart-shaped in outline, with 

 very hard strong jaws; the fold behind thehead flexible; 

 segment 2 flat, quite covered with a horny plate ; a 

 plate also on segment 3, and on 4 a smaller one 

 notched on the back edge ; the remaining segments 

 with apparently three subdivisions in each, viz. a 

 narrow one in the middle and a broad .one at the 

 beginning and end. The usual tubercular dots look 

 horny, but wrinkled and somewhat depressed, each 

 with its stiff bristle, the spiracles large and horny, all 

 the legs well developed except the anal prolegs, which, 

 though more developed than in Sesia, are still like two 

 lobes of segment 13 ; this last segment seems somewhat 

 horny ; the colour on back full mulberry, the sides to 

 the spiracles rosy pink, below that a more yellow pink 

 tinge ; the head shining black ; the front of segment 

 2 pale pinkish shading into reddish-brown, on the 

 hinder part a transverse black mark with two project- 

 ing oblongs behind ; the spiracles brown, thoracic legs 

 brown, prolegs pale pink with brown hooks ; segment 

 ] 3 paler than the rest. The pupae I have measured 

 are about 40 mm. long or somewhat over, cylindrical, 

 the head sloping forwards, between the antennae and 

 eyes a projecting keel ending in a sort of knob, below 

 which comes a short groove ; wing-cases short ; seven 

 of the abdominal segments have on each two trans- 

 verse dorsal rows of teeth reaching to the spiracles, 



