CERURA BIFIDA. 143 



one made by a larva during a journey in a tin box ; it 

 had nothing but a poplar twig not 3 mm. in diameter, 

 but it attached itself to this, and spun a cocoon in 

 form much like that of Anthrocera on a grass stem. 

 The pupa seems of the same form and colour as that of 

 furcula, only larger. I should say that in nature the 

 pupa stands upright in every species of Cerura, and 

 that the exit of the moth is accomplished by some 

 softening of the upper part of the outer shell of the 

 cocoon, so that it forces its way through a round hole 

 of some size, leaving the empty pupa-skin within the 

 cocoon. 



I have some old eggs of bifida, which are of the 

 same form and structure as those of vinula, but 1*3 mm. 

 in diameter ; they are dark brown now, but what their 

 colour was when fresh I cannot say. (J. H., 11, 12, 86.) 



Cerura vinula. 

 Plate XXXII, fig. 4. 



Mr. Buckler figured this larva in August, 1858, on 

 black poplar ; the figures 4, 4, <x, and 4, c represent the 

 same individual in three stages of growth, May 29th, 

 June 18th, and June 27th, 1867 ; unluckily 4 repre- 

 sents the larva preparing for its first moult, with the 

 new head already formed under the skin, and distort- 

 ing the position of the little horns on the front of 2 ; 

 they are close to the head until thus thrown back out 

 of place. 



Out of a great number of notes in different years I 

 extract the following : — I have bred the moth as early 

 as April 26th, and on to June 15th ; I had eggs laid 

 May 25th, and the larvae hatched June 4th ; eggs laid 

 May 27th, larvae hatched June 7th ; and I have a record 

 of larvae hatched fourteen days after the eggs were 

 laid. In 1886 I had larvae hatched June 9th, which 

 began to spin July 24th, an interval of rather more 



