PAPILIO MACHAON. 7 



minute twin dorsal bright yellow dots are on the third 

 and fourth, and a faint, narrow, transverse divisional 

 streak of yellowish or greyish between them ; other 

 similar short streaks occur on the ninth and tenth. Of 

 the three rows of conical black tubercles on each side 

 of the body, the two top rows have their upper bases 

 half ringed with bright orange colour (excepting those 

 on the white patch, which have pale yellow), the lower 

 third row have orange bases like slanting slashes ; the 

 anterior legs are whitish, tipped and spotted above 

 with black, each ventral proleg with a white crescentic 

 mark above the foot ; and there is some white on the 

 anal flap. 



After the third moult, in two or three days the 

 length is 22 mm. and the thickness in proportion; the 

 design, now more developed, shows the head yellow 

 marked with black, and the horns when protruded are 

 orange-red ; the ground colour is of the palest greenish- 

 yellow, though it is still white on the seventh and 

 eighth segments, but showing only in transverse rings 

 a little wider than the very narrow greenish-yellow 

 ones round the others ; for the middle of each segment 

 is transversely banded with velvety-black, but more nar- 

 rowly on those two with white ground. The segmental 

 divisions are greyish-black ; the black velvety bands are 

 intersected by three lines of the ground colour bearing 

 the orange tubercles with black bristly apices, except 

 on the thoracic segments, where the black bands are 

 broadest and only broken below, as on them the upper 

 tubercles are completely surrounded with black; all 

 the legs are white marked with black. 



After the fourth moult, the length in two days is 31 

 mm., and in five more days is 46 mm. and very stout; 

 its size and beauty of colouring being now at their 

 greatest. The thoracic segments swell upwards in a 

 rounded arch from the fourth which is the largest, and 

 viewed from above sharply taper thence to the head, 

 which is the smallest and bends downwards. The colour 

 of the head is bright yellow with a black oval spot on the 



