COLIAS EDUSA. 11 



shining spiracle. The legs . and ventral surface were 

 similar to the back. 



The pupa was attached by the tail and with a cinc- 

 ture of silk thread around it close below the thorax, 

 after the manner of the Pieridi ; the head was generally 

 upwards, though in some cases a horizontal position, 

 or nearly so, was chosen. 



The pupa is moderately stout ; the thorax round and 

 projecting on the back ; the head terminates in a sharp 

 point ; the wing-cases are long and well developed, 

 projecting below the abdomen. The colour of the 

 back and body a very pale yellow-green, with a pale 

 yellowish stripe on each side below the wing-cases 

 on the abdomen ; on the underside, beneath them, 

 are three minute black dots, followed by a stripe of 

 dull dark red. The wing-cases of a rather deeper 

 and yellower green, which a few hours before the 

 insect emerges become suffused with red. In the 

 centre of each wing is a minute black dot and a row 

 of fine similar dots near their lower borders. The 

 point at the top of the head is dark olive-green above, 

 sharply contrasted on the underside with pale primrose- 

 yellow, and both gradually blending into the colours 

 below. (W. B., 9, 67 ; B.M.M. IY, 117.) 



In the neighbourhood of Emsworth, Hampshire, 

 Golias Edits a appeared in great numbers during the 

 first fortnight of June, 1877, culminating perhaps on 

 the 11th of the month, when they were seen in all 

 directions. 



The fields of clover and Trifolium in blossom seemed 

 very attractive to these butterflies, and it was not 

 uncommon to see them flying at each other ; once on 

 the 11th I saw as many as six together in a confused 

 flight, rising and falling by turns as they seemed 

 battling together. I also saw one captured by a 

 swallow. (W. B., E.M.M. XIY, 40.) 



On the 12th June, 1877, the Eev. E. T. Daubeny, 

 of Bedhampton, kindly brought me a female he had 

 captured, after seeing her deposit a couple of eggs on a 



