52 CYNTHIA CARDUI. 



the back of the abdomen, and two broader, pale 

 ashy stripes along the sides, the superior margin of 

 each wing-cover pale ash colour, the antenna- cases 

 and their knobbed tips marked with ashy, an obscure 

 streak of the same tint on the middle of the wing 

 covers, the spikelets ashy, but glossed with gold or 

 silver according to the angle of light. The dark 

 portions of the wing-cases blackish, the thorax and 

 abdomen sprinkled with atoms of black. 



Early in the first week of February, 1869, Cynthia 

 cardui came forth ; no doubt prematurely, from being 

 kept in a warm room. My old puzzle of 1865 is thus 

 made clear, but now, as Mr. Horton suggested, arises the 

 question as to the how and why of the larva's hairy coat. 

 Had these mallow-eaters become hairy through eating 

 the downy mallows, whilst the thistle-fed specimens, as 

 I have seen more than once, are clothed with spines 

 alone ? Or, were they a second brood, thus clothed 

 for protection against possible cold weather in late 

 autumn. (W. B., March, 1869; E.M.M. V., 278.) 



Vanessa Antiopa. 



Plate VIII, fig. 4. 



On the 19th of July, 1883, 1 received from Herr Ernst 

 Heyne, of Leipzig, four larvse of this species feeding 

 on birch. The largest proved to be nearly full-grown 

 and measured one inch nine lines in length, and was 

 moderately stout and uniformly so, as it tapered a little 

 only from the third segment to the head and a little 

 at the thirteenth segment. The head is well notched 

 on the crown and somewhat heart-shaped, the thoracic 

 segments transversely subdivided, with deep wrinkles 

 as usual in this genus ; all the segmental divisions are 

 deep and likewise the three subdividing wrinkles at 

 the end of each segment, excepting the twelfth seg- 

 ment, which has but one, and that is less deep ; the 



