VANESSA ANTIOPA. 53 



legs are all well developed ; on the third and fourth 

 segments there are four rows of spines (the second 

 segment has none), but on all "the other segments there 

 are seven rows, that is, seven spines are planted round 

 the middle of each segment, viz. a dorsal, which is the 

 shortest and a little in advance of the others, sub- 

 dorsal, lateral, and spiracular; these are long and 

 pointed, branched, and beset rather sparingly with 

 fine pointed hairs ; they have rather a formidable 

 appearance. 



The head is black and slightly glistening, beset with 

 a few black warts, each bearing a fine hair ; the skin 

 is of a dull velvety black, without any gloss, but this 

 shows plainly only at the segmental divisions and sub- 

 divisions, being elsewhere clothed with a shining 

 pubescence of greyish drab colour, which with the 

 play of light on it causes the retiring portions to look 

 quite pale, while the middle appears dark and dingy 

 after the manner of a velvet surface. A strong lens 

 discloses the fact that every single hair springs from 

 a minute wart of the same pale colour ; in the middle 

 of the back of the fourth and each following segment 

 as far as the eleventh inclusive, is a dorsal mark of 

 dark red, through which passes the distinct black 

 dorsal line, though it is narrower in the red marks. 

 These red marks are smooth and naked; the pubescence 

 is a little curved and grows in varying directions, so 

 that the play of light on it is considerable while the 

 larva is in motion. The spines are black and shining 

 and not much branched ; the anterior legs are black 

 and shining. The spiracles are black, finely outlined 

 with brownish-green, and inconspicuous. The ventral 

 prolegs are wholly reddish-green with a shining plate 

 above the feet, the anal pair black with reddish-green 

 feet. 



At noon on the 20th of July, the above larva ate 

 what I thought was its last meal, and in the course of 

 an hour became quite restless and began to spin threads, 

 when it was put into a cage and soon ascended to 



