PIERIS BRASSI02B. 149 



and I found eggs in my garden on September 15th; 

 these later dates might seem to indicate a third flight 

 of butterflies, and a third laying ; however, I have not 

 bred a single imago in confinement from the pupae 

 of the second brood, so I must attribute the late ovi- 

 position to butterflies which had by some means been 

 delayed in their development. The eggs of September 

 1st produced the larvae next day, and these had turned 

 to pupae by October 10th ; the eggs found by me on 

 September 15th produced larvae September 25th and 

 26th, many of these were killed by frost and rain, and 

 the survivors are now, November 3rd, feeding out-of- 

 doors on Tropoeolum majus, but are not more than 12 

 mm. long, so their chance of becoming pupae seems 

 small; the larvae from the eggs of September 29th 

 were hatched on October 10th, but I did not keep 

 them. One brood, that sent me by Mr. Jeffrey, I 

 watched carefully, and noted the date of each change ; 

 eggs laid August 12th, larvae hatched August 18th; 

 first moult, larvae 4 mm. long, August 22nd ; second 

 moult, larvae 8 mm., August 26th; third moult, larvae 

 12 mm., August 31st; fourth moult, larvae 20 mm., 

 September 3rd; all had become pupae by September 

 12th, thus completing this portion of their changes 

 during the warmer weather, in the space of a month : 

 the cast skins were never eaten. I fed my larvae on 

 cabbage and horse-radish leaves, and noticed that 

 they certainly preferred the former. I found the eggs 

 laid on Tropoeolum majus, and have seen the larvae on 

 that plant frequently, but in their cage they would not 

 eat its leaves if they could get cabbage. Mr. W. H. B. 

 Fletcher tells me he has seen larvae on turnip leaves, 

 and Mr. W. H. Harwood mentions in addition charlock 

 and mignonette. Though of course feeding and living 

 openly, the larvae do a good deal of spinning for their 

 foothold; they are quite social in their habits, and 

 feed in company, and rest in rows side by side most 

 fraternally. 



To speak first of the egg laying, the eggs are laid 



