HIPPAECHIA TITIIONUS. 1 C9 



very small, black ; the anal spikes pale drab. Some 

 examples are rather darker than this, and some paler 

 with a greenish-grey tinge. 



The larva suspends itself by the tail for pupation. 

 The example I had this summer did not get rid of the 

 cast larva skin, but the pupa hung with its tail still 

 enveloped. The pupa is about 10 mm. long, and 4^ mm. 

 across the wing-cases, stumpy in figure ; the head 

 ends squarely whether looked at sideways or from 

 above ; viewed from below the corners are angulated 

 almost like little horns ; the shoulders of the wing- 

 cases are also sharply angulated ; the back of the thorax 

 rises in a short curve, and drops in at the waist, the 

 abdomen swells out in a longer curve, the segmental 

 divisions marked by projecting edges ; the wing-cases 

 bluntly rounded off below, the ventral outline slightly 

 curved ; the anal tip is furnished with two extremely 

 short points, one can scarcely call them spikes, which 

 seem to have no hooks, and on the ventral snrface 

 there is a sort of scutcheon, on the anterior edge of 

 which are set two knobs, each with a little curved 

 spine pointing backwards, and the use of this arrange- 

 ment seems to be for retaining hold on the cast 

 shrivelled larva skin, and so suspending the pupa 

 safely, a task for which the little anal blunt spikes 

 are wholly unfitted. The general colour of the pupa 

 I had this summer was pale drab, the antenna-cases 

 tipped with brown, the wings outlined a little with 

 brown, the abdomen had a more ochreous tint, and its 

 rings on the upper side were edged whitish, and with 

 brown streaks interrupted by a middle pale stripe, 

 spiracles brown. The general effect rendered this pupa 

 an inconspicuous object. 



I have, however, an example or two of my 1874 

 pupa3, which are marked with much more contrasting 

 tints ; the head and wing-cases are ochreous, marked 

 and lined with dark brown, and the back has a middle 

 stripe of drab with a broad dark brown stripe on either 

 side of it, and then a subdorsal drab stripe bordered 



