178 VANESSA ATALANTA. 



spiracular stripe; others again were dark-brownish, 

 with the dorsal and subdorsal spines pale, and the rest 

 black ; and some dark ones had all the spines black ; 

 one dark variety had the ground colour sooty brown, 

 lighter at the segmental folds, and darker in rings as 

 it were on the ridges of the segmental subdivisions, 

 with minute pale yellow dots, the bases of all the 

 spines clear ruddy brown, the spines and bristles 

 glistening black ; the spiracles blackish, inconspicuous, 

 the subspiracular yellow stripe reduced to a series of 

 yellow blotches just at the segmental folds, so that 

 half of each blotch was on one segment and half on 

 the next, no other lines ; the head sooty brown with 

 glistening black warts ; thoracic legs shining black, 

 ventral and anal prolegs brown, the feet pink. 



The larva suspends itself for pupation in its cave ; 

 the pupa, suspended by the anal spike, is about 24 

 mm. long, stout, of the Vanessa figure but somewhat 

 rounded; the head with a pair of very short horns, 

 the back of the thorax rising to a point and then fall- 

 ing in rather sharply to the waist, the abdomen swel- 

 ling out in a bold curve to the tail ; there is a dorsal 

 row of six very small knobs, and a subdorsal row of 

 nine knobs, not so blunt as in C. cardui ; the shoulders 

 of the wing-cases rising into two angulated points ; 

 the contour of the belly nearly straight, but the 

 abdomen curves in a little, the anal spike stout like a 

 leaf stem, alittle flattened, curved under, the flat tip set 

 with a mass of very short, hard, black curved bristles ; 

 the colour is a uniform soft grey, most delicately 

 freckled with a darker tint, and somewhat glossed with 

 golden; the dorsal knobs are golden but small, the 

 subdorsal knobs are larger spots of gold, the largest 

 being those at the waist ; there is a large golden spot 

 on each side of the belly of the segment in which the 

 wing-cases end, the anal spike dark, the narrow spiracles 

 pale brownish. Albin, who must have been lucky with 

 parasites, says he found some of these pupse gilded 

 all over, and that they produced a brood of small but 



