164 
military tact and cunning have retrograded in 
consequence. and we see not a trace of any 
such power in the face of Paliwahtiwa; nor do 
we see there a sign of cruelty, as his counte- 
nance is a markedly benign one for an Indian 
of whatsoever tribe, and indeed there is much 
expressed in it that would incline to draw us 
toward the man. We would not be mistaken 
in him, as he has an eminently kindly nature, 
and both a personal and national history to tell 
that is pregnant with ethnological interest. 
Paliwahtiwa’s sedate visage is by no means 
lacking in intelligence, and for a Zufiian he 
possesses no mean grade of it. 
The two chiefs thus far noticed are men of 
about the same age, either being between sixty 
and seventy years old. I desire now, however, 
to invite attention to the physiognomy of a 
much younger man, and one which clearly 
shows in it all the traits of the tribe to which 
he belongs, that is, the Apaches. 
Ga-ten-eh in 1887, as I have already said, 
succeeded the well-known Apache chief, Vic- 
toria, as the leader of the dreaded Warm Spring 
Apaches. We find little or nothing in the face 
of this man that in any way reminds us of the 
physiognomic characters as we observed them 
in the faces of either the governor of Zufii or 
the chief of the Navajos. Although the Apa- 
ches are skilled in many of the simpler arts and 
industries as we find them among the Indians 
of the Southwest, we sum up the general char- 
acters of this tribe when we say they are a 
fierce, warlike, cruel, and, in many instances, a 
brave people. Whatever claims they may have 
to intelligence, that character is rarely exhibited 
in their physiognomy ; indeed, their faces ex- 
press but little more than their predominating 
traits, and therein cunning and cruelty over- 
shadow all else. Ga-ten-eh typifies this cast 
of countenance, and in his visage we see but 
the index of a man to be dreaded, and one not 
to be trusted. His cruel, unrelenting eyes be- 
speak his savage nature; standing between 
them is his sharp, aquiline nose, having all the 
significance of the beak of the falcon, while 
below are the thin lips of a mouth fully capable 
of laughing at any form of human torture that 
NATURE'S REALM. 
its possessor may see fit to mete out to his 
captive victims. 
So far as his general character is concerned, 
I find nothing to add or to say in favor of this 
crafty, untamed and turbulent barbarian. Both 
he and the tribe from whence he comes long 
checked the progress of Indo-European civiliza- 
tion in Arizona, and in that country the Apa- 
ches, as we know, upon more occasions than 
one, nearly exterminated the early pioneer set- 
tlers. 
Thus it will be seen that individual Indians 
not only possess all the various forms of tem- 
perament known to us, but also exhibit every 
imaginable type of character, and they may . 
be specialized by well-defined and dominant 
tribal peculiarities. The recognition of these 
facts should be a guide to us in a rational hand- 
ling of these savage people in the future. In 
attempting to assimilate them to our civiliza- 
tion, the most we can hope for is to bring about 
a species of taming. Above all we should, as 
far as possible, consult their individual tastes, 
and this is the key to their reconciliation in 
adopting pursuits so utterly different from any- 
thing they have been accustomed to for ages 
and generations past. It is not in the course 
of reason, nor in the nature of things, to expect 
that they all care to become farmers, or those 
with strong agricultural tastes desire to become 
soldiers. Numbers of the Apaches could be 
organized and drilled as an Indian regiment, to 
be employed only against other tribes when the 
latter are insubordinate. This applies also to 
many of the Northern tribes. Many of the 
Pueblo Indians take naturally to agriculture, 
but those who have decided tastes in the man- 
ufacture of fabrics and pottery should be en- . 
couraged in those arts and given better facil- 
ities than the crude appliances which alone 
they now command. Such views simply ex- 
press my convictions in the premises, and I 
must believe that a more careful study of In- 
dian character, a better appreciation of certain 
anthropologic laws bearing upon the question 
as to what really constitutes civilization, and, 
finally, time, can alone adjust such important 
matters. 
