44 The American Naturalist. 



shells of arenaceous Foramenifera, like Hyperammina. The number 

 of known species of fish was doubled, and specimens were secured of a 

 remarkable deep-sea Plagyodus. In archaeology a very interesting 



discovery was made of the : 



: village, 



among the refuse of which were found many bone implei 

 ments and carvings of ivory. 



The work of a sub-expedition, which rediscovered the grand falls, 

 whose height was shown to be 316 feet, was briefly referred to. In 

 closing, Prof. • Lee said that, while a great many additions to the 

 fauna have been made by the large collections secured, there is still 

 great opportunity for further investigation and exploration, and the 

 members of the expedition consider the country a very important 



Studies of the Gulf Stream. 



The last report presented to the meeting was by Prof. William Lib- 

 bey, Jr., of Princeton University, and it proved one of the most inter- 

 esting and valuable of the series. It referred to the study, with 

 the United States Fish Commission, of the currents in the Gulf Stream 

 on portions of the Atlantic coast. The Professor said the work was 

 conducted on a series of lines parallel to the coast of New Jersey, between 

 Block Island and Nantucket. Along these lines, which were 150 miles 

 in length, were made a series of stations, at which stations observations 

 were made in temperature and densities ; also in currents ; and, at the 

 same time, meteorological observations. All of these observations, he 

 said, showed the peculiar relations of the Gulf Stream to the Labra- 

 dor current. The position of the different curves of temperature were 

 drawn after these observations were plotted. These curves of fifty 

 degrees showed marks of the boundary of the intrusion of the Labra- 

 dor current into the northern edge of the warmer waters. 



Then the fact was shown, continued Professor Libbey, that we were 

 dealing with two different sets of currents— one a deep series, and the 

 other a surface set; both being modified by the mechanical laws of 

 their motion, by changes in velocity, temperature and density. But 

 the surface currents were further modified by the direction, duration 

 and velocity of the wind currents. 



The appearance of smaller, band-like currents upon the north-bound 

 Gulf Stream, which were reversed in the direction of their motion after 

 they had passed somewhat to the northward, was explained and offered 

 as a reason for the appearance of schools of fishes at different points 

 of the coast, since the warmer waters provide the proper conditions 



