cells no man: without the man, no nation; and activities 

 among either affect all of them. For many years as a student 

 of disease.! mental processes, I have often' satisfactorily com- 

 bated such things as delusions of persecution, morbid fears, 

 apprehensions, and fright, particularly in incipient insanity, 

 by an application of the following reasoning: 



In a healthy state, a fright produces certain sensory and 



action, capillary dilatation and contraction, temporary muscu- 

 lar paralysis, and in extreme cases, perspiration and loss of 

 sphincter control. Now as these are the usual expressions of 

 fright, it is plain as anything can be that if disease may so 

 interfere with the nerve mechanism as to produce any or all 

 of these associated effects, it would be natural for the mind to 

 interpret them as being due to the usual cause. For example, 

 fear may make the heart beat fast. I have known an organic 

 disease that interfered with the pneumogastric branches at the 

 base of the brain, or with the cardiac sympathetic nerves 

 running from in front of the spinal column to set up irregular 

 heart action, and a feeling of dread or apprehension, or even 

 terror will be thus caused by association, unless some compen- 

 sating influence, which is not usual, interferes. 



By artificial regulation of the heart's action, both the physi- 

 cal and mental disturbances may be caused to cease. Evi- 

 dently a fright stimulates the heart muscle to greater activity, 

 necessarily causing greater commotion among its cellular 

 molecules, and the reverse condition is also true. The mole- 

 cular action of the heart muscle may produce fright, 



I would divide analogies into two particular classes, the 

 apparent, and the real. The fact that as we advance in 

 knowledge, resemblances in the mode of operation of widely 

 unlike phenomena are being more clearly seen, and that even 

 by the lowest races, resemblances are more or less accurately 

 traced, justify the prediction that some of our greatest revela- 



