UHB.] Geology and Paleontology. 413 



of Lake Erie, which are embodied in :i paper published in the Amer- 

 ican Journal of Science, April, 1892. The results of the author's 

 studies are summarized as follows: 



" It appears that Lake Erie, in its earlier stages, was hut a small 



ing ice-sheet and by the height of the Western rim of the basin it occu- 

 pied. It at first occupied only a portion of the district between the 

 outlet and the Western end of the present lake, the remainder of the 

 basin, including the whole of the area of the present lake, being occu- 

 pied by the ice-sheet. Its South and North shores were then at the 

 Van Wert ridge, while its Eastern border was at the lUanchard 



"By a recession of the ice-sheet Northeastward to about the merid- 

 ian of Cleveland, the lake became much expanded and its level was 

 lowered a few feet, though the outlet still continued down the Wabash. 

 Its North and South shores then occupied the Leipsic beach, while on 

 the East the wave still beat against the ice front. The ice-sheet itself 

 seems to have broken into bergs at its margin, and to have formed no 

 terminal moraine at that time, though its lateral moraine is well de- 

 veloped. 



"A subsequent recession resulted in the lowering of the lake below 

 the level of the Ft. Wayne outlet, probably by opening a passage to the 

 Chicago outlet, for no other outlets were open to this lake at that time 

 through the Huron and Michigan basins. The North and South 

 shores of the lake were then occupying the Belmore beach, while the 

 East shore was unrecorded because the waves beat against a vanishing 

 sheet of ice, and the ice itself, as in the preceding stage seems to have 

 failed to form a terminal moraine, though its lateral moraine is 



" From the phenomena attending the replacement of the three 

 beaches in Ohio by moraines, we are led to suspect that two later 

 beaches which die away in Southwestern New York are there con- 

 nected with moraines, and that similar moraines will be found to con- 

 nect with the beaches of Lake Ontario, at points were they disappear 

 on its Eastern and Northern borders. 



"Differential uplift «;i- slight in the Western Erie basin compare.! 

 with what it was in the Eastern Erie basin and the Ontario, in Michi- 

 gan, and on the Canadian shores of Lake Huron and Geoi 

 The data at hand indicate that it amounts to scarcely more than ten 

 feet in the whole area of the portion of the Erie basin West of Cleve- 



