MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 37 



as well as beam trawls. For hoisting purposes a gasoline winch, 

 used on the "Grampus" in 1908, was installed, while a small hand- 

 winch, with wire rope J in. in diameter, was provided for the 

 oceanographic observations. 



The field of work included Massachusetts Bay, off-shore stations 

 abreast of Cape Ann and Cape Cod; the coastal waters and off- 

 shore banks along the coast of Maine, the Bay of Fundy, and a 

 line from Cape Elizabeth to Seal Island, Nova Scotia. A week 

 was spent trawling in Casco Bay and vicinity in cooperation with 

 Professor J. S. Kingsley. Forty-six off-shore stations were occu- 

 pied, at which 130 tows were made with the various nets, besides 

 a large number of hauls in different harbors. Qualitative hauls 

 were made at sixteen stations, the closing net used at ten. The 

 trawl or dredge was used at fourteen stations, chiefly near Casco 

 Bay. Serial temperatures were taken at thirty-nine stations, bot- 

 tom and serial water samples at thirty-seven, while thirty-eight 

 current measurements were made. Surface temperatures were 

 recorded hourly, while at sea; and surface densities taken with 

 the hydrometer at almost every station. The color of the sea 

 was recorded by the Forel scale; and measurements of transpar- 

 ency were frequently made with the ordinary transparency disc. 



While the vessel was working in Casco Bay, I was able to test 

 the salinities of the water samples collected up to that time, at 

 the Harpswell Laboratory. 



The collections are especially rich in copepods and Sagittae; 

 and they give a fair knowledge both qualitative and quantitative 

 of both the micro- and macroplankton of the Gulf of Maine, at the 

 time of the visit almost a virgin field. The oceanographic data 

 were planned to afford a general survey of the region. 



Especially noteworthy among the observations is the discovery 

 that the low surface temperatures of the Bay of Fundy and of the 

 northwest coasts of Nova Scotia are the result of vertical circula- 

 tion due to strong tides, and do not indicate the direct influence 

 of an Arctic current as has generally been supposed. A similar 

 phenomenon is also to be seen southeast of Cape Cod, near George's 

 Bank. 



Publications. August 1, 1911-July 31, 1912. 



Biscayan plankton, collected during a cruise of H. M. S. ' Research ' 

 during 1900. The Siphonophora. Trans. Linn. soc. London. 

 Zool, June [ = December], 1911, vol. 10, p. 337-358, pi. 28, 



