1% 



KIDD'S OWN JOURNAL. 



too arduous, or want of capital, remains to be 

 said. 



However, in 1715, ideas began to expand, and 

 one John Combe, a young mechanic, resolved on 

 the perilous enterprise of travelling into Italy, 

 to procure sketches of the machines requisite 

 for the undertaking. In Italy he remained some 

 time, but as admission to the silk mills was pro- 

 hibited, he could only obtain access by bribing 

 two of the workmen, through whose assistance 

 he secretly inspected the machinery, and what- 

 ever facts he obtained a knowledge of during 

 these visits, he noted on paper before he retired 

 to rest. 



Thus persevering in tbis mode of inquiry, he 

 soon became acquainted with the whole, and had 

 only finished his plan when his intentions were 

 discovered; and his life being in imminent dan- 

 ger, he fled with precipitation, and took refuge on 

 shipboard. 



The two Italians who had assisted him in his 

 schemes, and whose lives were in equal danger 

 with his own, accompanied him, and they landed 

 in England in safety, about the year 1717. Fix- 

 ing on Derby as a proper place for his project, 

 he agreed with the corporation for an island on 

 the river, five hundred feet long and fifty-two 

 wide, at a rent of nearly £8 per annum. Having 

 proceeded thus far, he then commenced with the 

 erection of his silk mill, " which may be called 

 the first in England." During the time employed 

 in its construction, he erected some on a small 

 scale in the Town Hall and other places, by 

 which means he not only reduced the price of 

 silk much below the Italians, but was enabled to 

 proceed with his greater undertaking, though the 

 expense was nearly £.30,000. 



In the year 1718, he procured a patent, to 

 enable him to secure the profits arising from his 

 ingenuity, for the term of fourteen years; but 

 his days drew to a close before this period had 

 elapsed. Treachery and poison had brought him 

 to the grave. 



( To be concluded in our next.} 



PHKEW0L0GY FOE THE MILLION. 



No. XXH --PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN. 



BY F. J. GALL, M.T). 



{Continued from page 165.) 



All that we have said proves, that men 

 and animals do not perform what they execute, by 

 means of touch, because they have this sense 

 more or less perfect; but it is necessary to 

 admit, that the extern, .1 organs, the senses, are 

 calculated to adapt themselves to the internal 

 faculties. Would there not exist a perpetual 

 contradiction between the propensities, the facul- 

 ties, and the external organs; and would not the 

 internal faculties be rendered useless by the im- 

 potence of the external organs, if these were not 

 fitted to execute what the internal ones com- 

 mand? Give to the tiger, bathed in blood, the 

 feet and the teeth of the sheep, and to the sheep, 

 the claws and murderous teeth of the lion, and 

 instantly, by this contradictory arrangement of 

 apparatuses, you destroy the existence of these 

 two animals. 



The degree of address, industry, and intelli- 

 gence, with which an animal is endowed, has not 

 for its principle his trunk, or his tail, which 

 serves him for a trowel; man does not invent 

 because he has hands; but the animal and the 

 man have these organs, because their internal 

 organisation is endowed with the faculties which 

 are in relation with these Certain organs may 

 be indispensable to execute certain things; yet 

 we cannot attribute to them the thought, which 

 leads to constructing a nest or a hut; to the 

 invention of printing, or weaving. 



It is the more astonishing, that this error of 

 Anaxagoras should have been preserved to the 

 present moment, since Galen had long since 

 victoriously refuted it. 



" The body," says he, " is the organ of the 

 soul, and, consequently, all the limbs are useful. 

 Hence, the limbs are different, because the souls 

 themselves are of different natures. The cou- 

 rageous and audacious lion has strong claws and 

 teeth; the bull is armed with horns; the boar 

 with tusks. The timid animals, such as the 

 stag and the hare, are organised so as to with- 

 draw themselves from danger by a prompt flight. 

 Man, being endowed with something divine, 

 with intelligence, has received from nature his 

 hands, instead of weapons and tusks. These 

 instruments serve him for all acts, both in war 

 and in peace. There is no need of either horns 

 or tusks; by means of his hands he procures 

 himself shoes ; the cuirass, the lance, his arrows : 

 he constructs walls and houses, weaves cloths 

 and nets, and, in this manner gains possession, 

 not only of the animals which inhabit the earth, 

 but also of those which glide in the air, or skim 

 the seas. With his hands he writes laws, erects 

 temples and statues, constructs vessels, makes 

 flutes, harps, knives, pincers, and all instruments 

 needed in the arts. It is by them, that he trans- 

 mits his meditations to posterity, just as, at the 

 present moment, he can converse with Plato, 

 Aristotle, and Hippocrates. The hands, there- 

 fore, were most suitable to man, as an intelligent 

 being; for he is not the most intelligent being 

 because he has two hands, as Anaxagoras main- 

 tains; but he is provided with hands because he 

 is the most intelligent, as Aristotle had already, 

 with reason, advanced. It is not the hands, 

 which have taught man the arts ; but it is his 

 understanding. The hands are only instruments 

 for the arts ; as it is not the harp which instructs 

 the musician, nor the tongs which make the 

 blacksmith, but both are artists, only, by the aid 

 of their intelligence, though without these instru- 

 ments they would not be able to exercise their 

 art ; so each soul, by virtue of its peculiar nature, 

 possesses certain faculties, though it cannot 

 manifest them without certain instruments. It 

 is especially by observing the young of certain 

 animals, that any one may convince himself, 

 that it is not external instruments which inspire 

 an animal with timidity, courage, or sagacity; 

 for young animals are already endeavoring to ex- 

 ercise their innate faculties before their innate 

 faculties have reached their perfection. I 

 have often seen a young bullock making at 

 objects with his forehead before the horns 

 had appeared; a colt kick with his still feeble 

 feet; a young boar without tusks carry on 



