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Overwintering Species . Many Bay area residents, hunters or not, eagerly 

 eagerly look forward to the October arrival of noisy skeins of geese and 

 ducks followed later by whistling swans. By Apri., the old-squaw, scaup, 

 canvasback, mergansers, Canada geese, and swans have returned to their 

 northern breeding places but their economic and ecologic impact is con- 

 siderable. Unlike the endangered species which tend to stay put (even 

 the migratory species among them are relatively conservative about their 

 nesting sites) , overwintering species frequently move about on their 

 wintering grounds and have even adapted new habits as old food supplies 

 disappear and new ones appear. Swans ( Cygnus columbianus ) which as 

 recently as a few years ago fed offshore in shallow water while the less 

 wary geese flew inland to feed on stubble fields, have now begun to emulate 

 the habits of geese and can be seen in flocks of several hundred on 

 fields far from open water. This may be due in part to a decrease in the 

 supply of food offshore resulting from increased turbidity, and pollution. 

 Regardless, it is diffucult to anticipate which bay or river the overwintering 

 species will concentrate in from year to year. Hence setting aside natural 

 areas to accommodate overwintering species is a chancy business unless the 

 areas are specifically managed for waterfowl, which management may then 

 interfere with other uses or values of a given area. Nonetheless, unusual 

 concentrations of overwintering waterflow have been noted and considered 

 as a criticism for natural areas selection. 



Seasonal Breeders . There are several major species of anadromous fish - 

 striped bass ( Morone saxatitis ) herring, ( Alosa aestimlis ) Hickory shad, 



