154 NEW YORK. 



of territory comprising all the climates, from very hot, as in 

 Louisiana and Florida, to the extreme colds of the Northern 

 States, America can grow everything in its own territory, 

 and can dispense entirely with all the commodities of the rest 

 of the world. This is an immense advantage for that 

 country. 



In New York, the summers are excessively hot, and 

 many are the deaths produced by sunstrokes. In winter 

 the cold is sometimes very hard to bear, and lasts 

 long ; but nevertheless, the climate may be considered as very 

 healthy, especially for persons who inhabit the central and 

 northern parts of Europe. 



Its population is cosmopolitan, English, especially Irish, 

 German, Italian, Spanish and French, being the more con- 

 spicuous. In fact, we may say that the North American 

 belongs to a new race, formed by the mingling of nearly 

 all the European races, and what is very remarkable, is the 

 type of this new race, by which, it can be easily recognised 

 anywhere. 



This mingling has produced a robust, active, intelligent 

 new race, better fit to resist the struggles of life than the 

 old ones. 



Even the first settlers change in manners and 

 -character after a stay of some years in that free country. 

 Their children are not recognisable, and the second genera- 

 tion constitutes the new race. I believe that this is 

 due, not only to the distinct mode of living, the different 

 climate, but also partly to the institutions of the country, 

 which contribute greatly to the development of the active 

 faculties. The same thing is going on in Australia ; and I 

 am certain that is also due to the same causes. In the old 

 European and Asiastic countries, these modifications would 

 require a much longer time, which somewhat tends to prove 

 that without liberty, the progress and development of the 

 active faculties in men is slow. 



The French, Italian, and Spanish usually live near one 

 another, the Irish are not very far off, and the Germans have 

 also their special quarters, so that it is very amusing, when 

 walking about, to hear all the principal European lang- 

 uages spoken there. But this lasts only for a time. It 

 is true that these parts of New York are always occupied by 

 the same representatives of these nationalities, but most of 

 them are new arrivals. After a time, if they remain and 

 marry in the country, the evolution soon takes place, and they 



