184 THOMAS JEFFERSON. 



of republics, from which there, is no appeal, but to force, the. 

 vital principle and immediate parent of despotism, a well 

 disciplined militia, 'our best reliance in peace and for the, 

 moments of war till regulars may relieve the supremacy of 

 the civil over the military authority, economy in the public 

 expense, that labour may be lightly burdened, the honest 

 payment of our debts, and sacred preservation of the public 

 faith, encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its 

 handmaid, the diffusion of information, and arraignment of all 

 abuses at the bar of the public reason, freedom of religion, 

 freedom of the press, and freedom of the person under the- 

 protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially 

 selected. These are the essential principles of our govern- 

 ment, and those which ought to shape its administration. 

 These form the bright constellation, which has gone before us 

 and guided our steps through an age of revolution and - 

 reformation. The wisdom of our; sages and blood of ,our 

 heroes have been devoted to their attainment, they should be 

 the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, 

 the touchstone to try the services of those we trust, and should 

 we wander from them in moments of error or alarm, let us 

 hasten to retrace our steps, and to regain the road which alone 

 leads to peace, liberty, and safety. . . 



During the year 1801, a second census of the United 

 States was completed,, showing a population of five millions, 

 three hundred and nineteen thousand, seven hundred and 

 sixty-two, an increase of 1,400,000 in ten years. The enor- 

 mous increase of exports, from 19 to 99 millions of dollars, 

 and the corresponding augmentation of the revenue, from 

 90,000 to nearly 13 millions, can only be attributed to the 

 liberal institutions of the country. 



During his term of office, Ohio was admitted into the 

 Union, and Louisiana was bought from the French at a cost" 

 of twenty millions of francs, or £800,000. 



The Tripolitan war was also fought during the presi- 

 dency of Mr. Jefferson. 



On the 4th of March, 1805, Mr. Jefferson entered upon 

 his second term of office. Aaron Burr was succeeded in 

 the Vice-Presidency, by GEORGE CLINTON of New York. 

 In 1808, the President announced his determination to retire 

 from office at the close of the term, and James MADISON was 

 nominated by the republican party to succeed him. Jefferson 

 retired to his seat at Monticello, and passed the remainder of 

 his; life in literary pursuits. 



