RUTHERFORD B. HAYES — JAMES GARFIELD. 199 



addresses from all parts of the country. In his short inaugural 

 address on the day of his installation as President, he manifested 

 that he did not belong to any particular political party. On 

 the 6th of November, 1872, he was re-elected for another term 

 with a great majority. At the end of his second term, he 

 visited Europe, where he was welcomed by all. A suitable 

 pension was voted him, when he retired from office. 



RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, 1877— 1881. 



RUTHERFORD B. Haves, the nineteenth President of the 

 United States, entered into possession of the presidential 

 chair in March, 1877. 1 was in Philadelphia when the election 

 took place, and I have previously given a description of what 

 these elections are in the United States. If not seen, one 

 could hardly believe what expenses and what excesses are 

 occasioned by the election of a President in that country ; but 

 what is admirable is the way how every one retires to his own 

 business when the election is over. The Phonograph was 

 invented by Edison, in 1877, during Hayes' term of office. 



Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born on the 4th of 

 October, 1822, in Delaware, Ohio. He went first to the 

 College of Kenyon. From that place, he went to the Uni- 

 versity of Cambridge, where he studied law. In Cincinnati he 

 acted as solicitor and acquired fame as a lawyer. When the 

 war of secession was declared, he engaged himself as a 

 private soldier, but quickly distinguished himself, and was 

 successively promoted from Lieutenant to General. At the 

 end of the war, he retiredfrom the service, but soon after he was 

 sent to Congress, where he represented his county. After 

 that, he was appointed twice Governor of Ohio. In 1876 he was 

 chosen as a candidate by the Republicans, and was elected 

 President of the United States. 



JAMES A. GARFIELD, 1881. 



James A. Garfield, the twentieth President of the 

 United States, entered upon the duties of the office in March 

 1 88 1, but he occupied that post only for a few months, having 

 been shot at the railway station by the murderer, Charles 

 Guitteau, a fanatic, on the 5th of July, 1881. He was 

 successively transported to Longbranch and elsewhere, and 

 for a little time it was thought that he would recover, but on 

 the 19th of September, he died at Longbranch from the con- 

 sequences of his wounds. A national subscription was made 



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