200 CHESTER A. ARTHUR. 



in favour of his widow. Two millions five hundred thousand 

 dollars were raised for that purpose. James Abraham Garfield 

 was born the 19th of November, 1831, at Orange, Ohio. At 

 an early age, he had to work for his living and that of his 

 mother, which he always helped as much as he could. He 

 worked as a journeyman carpenter, and also as a steersman on 

 a boat. In the evening, he used to go to a primary school, and 

 learn all that he could. In 1849, he entered the College of 

 Chester, Ohio, and one year after he obtained his brevet as 

 Schoolmaster. In 1880, he was elected President of the United 

 States. 



CHESTER A. ARTHUR, 1881— 1885. 



According to Constitution, Mr. Chester A. Arthur, Vice- 

 President, became the twenty-first President of the United 

 States. 



Chester A. Arthur was born in Fairfield, Franklin County, 

 Vermont, on the 5th of October, 1830. His father emigrated 

 from Ireland to the United States in his eighth year, and died 

 in Newtonville, near Albany, in October, 1875. Chester A. 

 Arthur was educated at Union College, and was graduated in 

 the class of 49. After leaving college, he taught a county 

 school during two years in Vermont, and then having managed 

 by rigid economy to save about $500 he started for New York, 

 and entered the law office of ex-Judge Culver as a student. 

 After being admitted to the bar, he formed a partnership with 

 his friend, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practising 

 in the West, but in the end they returned to New York, where 

 they entereduponasuccessful career almost from the start. Soon 

 after he married the daughter of Lieutenant Herdon, United 

 States Navy, who was lost at sea. Chester A. Arthur ren- 

 dered great services in the emancipation of slaves, and won 

 several cases in their favour. Previous to the outbreak of the 

 Secession War, Chester A. Arthur, was Judge Advocate of 

 the 2nd Brigade of the New York State Militia, and Governor 

 Edwin D. Morgan, soon after his inauguration, selected him to 

 fill the position of Engineer-in-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he 

 held the post of Inspector-General, and soon afterwards was 

 advanced to that of Quartermaster-General, which he held 

 until the expiration of Morgan's term of office. No higher 

 encomium can be passed upon him than the mention of the 

 fact that although the war account of the State of New York 

 was at least ten times larger than that of any other state, yet 



