THE SERRANOCHROMINE GENERA REVIEWED 



43 



those teeth in the median rows are only a little coarser than 

 the other and fine teeth on the bone. 



Anal fin spots small and numerous (as many as 40) 



Serranochromis 



B(ii): 



Abdominal vertebrae 14 or 15 (no distinct mode); caudal 

 vertebrae 15-17, modes 16 and 17; total number of vertebrae 

 30-32, mode 31. 



Dorsal fin with 14 or 15, mode 15, spinous rays and 10-13, 

 modal range 11 or 12, branched rays. Anal fin with 3 spines 

 and 7-10 branched rays (no distinct mode). Caudal fin 

 truncate to subtruncate. 



Scales in the lateral series 32-35, modal range 32-34. 

 Cheek with 4-6, modes 5 and 6, horizontal rows; 18 or 20 

 (rarely 16) scales around the caudal peduncle. 



Gill rakers in the outer series on the first ceratobranchial 

 9-11, modes 10 and 11. 



Outer series of teeth in both jaws composed mainly of 

 unequally bicuspids, but with a few unicuspids or weakly 

 shouldered bicuspids present, in fishes < 80 mm S.L.; how- 

 ever, in some specimens of Chetia flaviventris, unicuspids 

 predominate in fishes in the upper part of that size-range. In 

 specimens >100 mm S.L. the outer teeth are predominantly 

 unicuspid, with a few very weakly shouldered bicuspids also 

 present. Inner tooth rows of both jaws arranged in a double 

 series anteriorly and anterolateral^, reducing to a single row 

 laterally and posteriorly. In one species (Chetia gracilis) at 

 least some specimens have the two anterior median teeth in 

 the outer row of inner teeth enlarged and displaced anteriorly 

 relative to the other teeth in that row. 



Pre-shank length of the maxilla equal to its shank length 

 (see p. 34). Height of the premaxillary alveolar process 

 73-77% of the height of the entire ascending process (see 

 p. 35). 



Except in one species, the lower pharyngeal bone is not 

 enlarged, and the median tooth rows are composed of 

 bicuspid teeth only a little coarser than their lateral conge- 

 ners. In the exceptional species, C. mola (see Balon & 

 Stewart, 1983; fig. 12) the bone is greatly hypertrophied and 

 massive, with all but a few of its laterally situated teeth 

 enlarged and molariform or submolariform. 

 Anal fin spots usually small and fairly numerous (7-15) but in 

 one species, C. brevis, there are only 3 or 4 large spots. 

 Chetia 



Acknowledgements. To Paul Skelton go my sincere thanks for the 

 many discussions we have had on the subject of serranochromine 

 cichlids, and for providing me with excellently documented material 

 and field data. Once again it is a pleasure to thank Mike Bruton, 

 Director of the J.L.B. Smith Institute for his hospitality and the fine 

 working facilities provided by the Institute, Huibre Tomlinson for her 

 tenacity and good humour when producing the typescript, and Elaine 

 Heemstra for her excellent art-work. 



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