114 



P.BRONNIMANN AND J.E. WHITTAKER 



make no distinction between the two (see Phleger, 1954: pi. 

 Mig-8). 



We have illustrated in Fig. 55 a lateral view in oil of 

 Ammotium distinctum, from the mangrove sediments of 

 Acupe, Brazil. The angular outline of the early planispire is 

 clearly shown. The test begins with a relatively large prolocu- 

 lus of 65 [Am diameter, followed by a larger deuteroloculus of 

 75 [xm diameter. The total number of chambers in this 

 specimen is eight, including the embryonic chambers. The 

 height of the test is 220 \im, width (length) 125 \im, and 

 length of aperture 45 |xm. Apart from the distinct angular 

 periphery, there are no other important differences between 

 Ammotium morenoi and A. distinctum. 



2. Ammoscalaria fluvialis Parker, 19526. 



Parker (1952b: 444, pi. 1, fig. 24) first described this species 

 from the Housatonic River, Long Island Sound, depth 3 m. 

 From its association with other brackish species in her Facies 

 1, such as Trochammina inflata, Jadammina macrescens and 

 Miliammina fusca , it can be inferred that A. fluvialis is also a 

 brackish-water form. The morphology of the holotype is 

 virtually identical with the holotype of A. morenoi, and for 

 this reason we regard it as a junior synonym of the latter. 



3. Lituola cassis Parker, in Dawson, 1870. 



We have compared Ammotium morenoi with Lituola cassis 

 Parker, the type species of Ammotium Loeblich & Tappan 

 (1953). The lectotype of Ammotium cassis (BMNH no. ZF 

 4637), designated by Hodgkinson (1992), on our advice, is 

 re-illustrated in Figs 38^41. It is from Gaspe Bay, Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence, Canada, and came from the W.K. Parker Collec- 

 tion; it was collected in 16 fathoms (30 m), which suggests a 

 marine environment, but the specimens could have been 

 washed in from a brackish locality. Loeblich & Tappan (1987, 

 pi. 60, figs 1,2) illustrate a 'Holocene' specimen from off 

 Alaska in 223 m of water; should this specimen have been in 

 situ it would further undermine the supposedly exclusively 

 brackish nature of the genus, a factor that needs further 

 investigation. 



The lectotype clearly shows the initial planispire, then the 

 uniserial inward slanting narrow and low chambers; the 

 oblong aperture is at the apex of the final chamber, in a 

 marginal or outer position (see also Goes, 1894, pi. 5, figs 

 152-157). The lectotype and paralectotypes are five times 

 larger and much more massive than A. morenoi, though the 

 two in several other respects are quite similar. It is our 

 opinion that A. cassis should only be used for large and 

 massive individuals, but at the same time we have our 

 reservations that ecological factors (?marine salinities) may 

 be responsible for the massive development of the cassis test 

 (see also remarks above, on A. cassis sensu Brodniewicz 

 (1965) from the Baltic). It is even three times the size of 

 Poag's (1978) material from the Gulf Coast estuaries, the 

 largest known specimens of A. morenoi from the tropics, 



moreover Poag's specimens are very elongate and com- 

 pressed with the uniserial portion quite unlike that of the true 

 cassis. 



The dimensions of the lectotype are: maximum height — 

 1600 |xm; maximum width — 785 urn; maximum thickness — 

 360 |i,m; thickness of planispiral portion — 125 \im. 



4. Ammobaculites prostomum Hofker, 1932. 



This species was described by Hofker (1932: 87-91, text-figs 

 14a-f, 15a-d) from the Ammontatura, a part of the Gulf of 

 Naples, with a depth of 150-200 m. The shapes of the 

 illustrated specimens, seen laterally, particularly the short 

 individuals (text-figs 14a and f), much resemble the small 

 specimens of Ammotium morenoi such as our Fig. 54. On 

 Hofker's short specimens the sutures are not shown fully, but 

 on the larger specimens (text-fig. 15e) they are, toward the 

 outer margin, at first outward slanting (not inward), then 

 parallel up to the end of the uniserial portion. In lateral 

 outline, these short specimens are near isomorphs of A. 

 morenoi. However, the aperture is not placed asymmetri- 

 cally, at the outer margin of the test as in Ammotium, but 

 symmetrically in respect to the shape of the final chamber. 

 For these reasons, Hofker's species does not belong to 

 Ammotium. It is also a marine species and much resembles 

 the group pf forms described and illustrated by Hoglund 

 (1947, pi. 31, figs la-g) from Bjorkholmen, Gullmar Fjord, 

 from a depth of 30 m, under the name of Ammoscalaria 

 pseudospiralis (Williamson). 



5. Ammoscalaria pseudospiralis sensu Hoglund, 1947. 



The genus Ammoscalaria was erected by Hoglund (1947: 

 151-153) with Haplophragmium tenuimargo Brady (1884) as 

 type species. Into his new genus he also placed Proteonina 

 pseudospiralis Williamson, 1858. However, Ammoscalaria 

 pseudospiralis was described by Hoglund (1947: 159-162, pi. 

 31, figs la-p) exclusively from material obtained in the 

 Gullmar Fjord, where it occurs commonly, and from the 

 Skagerak, not on the basis of Williamson's material which 

 was not available to him. The chambers of the rectilinear 

 portion of this marine species are 'irregularly rectangular in 

 lateral view' and there are 'no external sutures'. The oblong 

 aperture is in a symmetrical position in respect to the final 

 chamber and not asymmetric, as in Ammotium. We therefore 

 do not regard Hoglund's species as a synonym of pseudospira- 

 lis, although certain smaller specimens could be regarded as 

 isomorphs of Williamson's taxon, particularly when seen in 

 lateral view (e.g. pi. 31, figs lm,n). Rather, Hoglund's form 

 is most probably a junior synonym of Ammobaculites 

 (—Ammoscalaria) prostomum Hofker, 1932. 



Figs 16-21 'Haplophragmoides' wilberti Anderson. Figs 16-18, Side.edge and view of other side (X115). BMNH no. 1911.11.1.5003; Figs 

 19-21, Side, edge and view of other side (X160), respectively. BMNH no. ZF 5002. Specimen from Bronnimann sample BR146, Acupe, 

 Brazil, for comparison. 



Figs 22-24 Trochammina? milletti sp.nov. Figs 22,23, Detail of aperture (XI, 700) and side view (X320), respectively. Holotype, BMNH no. 

 1911.11.1.1088; Fig. 24, Side view (X260). Paratype, BMNH no. 1955.11.1.1089. 



Figs 25-27 Paratrochammina simplissima (Cushman & McCulloch). Spiral, edge and umbilical views (X170). BMNH no. 1955.11.1.1141. 



All from the Millett Collection, Malay Archipelago, except where stated. 



