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J.D. TAYLOR, Y.I. KANTOR AND A.V. SYSOEV 



Borsoniinae, Clathurellinae, Toxiclionella (Clavatulinae), 

 Conidae, and Terebridae (ii) Hollow teeth of this second type 

 are often short with a large, solid base (Fig. 23). The tooth 

 cavity opens laterally between the shaft and the base. There 

 are frequently side projections around the base (hiked dagger 

 form of Powell 1966), often with a large irregular solid 'root' 

 projecting from the base (Fig. 23e,f). These teeth are often 

 only partially enrolled. Barbs may be present. Marincovich 

 (1973) records rows of holes in the teeth of Agathotoma 

 ordinaria (Mangeliinae). Teeth of Type ii are found in the 

 subfamilies Mangeliinae, Oenopotinae (Bogdanov, 1990, figs 

 407-438), Thatcheriinae, and the radulate Daphnellinae. (iii) 

 Teeth of this type are partially enrolled at the base, but solid 

 and blade-like in the distal part (Fig. 22b). This type of tooth 

 is presently known only from Hastula bacillus (Taylor & 

 Miller, 1990). It may represent a transitional form between 

 the solid teeth found in the Pervicaciidae and the hollow teeth 

 of the Terebridae. (iv) This type of tooth is loosely enrolled 

 to form a central channel, with a simple barb at the tip. The 

 tooth was first described in detail from Imaclava unimaculata 

 (Clavinae) by Shimek & Kohn (1981 fig. 7). Imaclava other- 

 wise has comb-like lateral teeth as in typical Clavinae. Similar 

 teeth are present in other species of Imaclava (McLean, 1971, 

 fig. 7). (v) Enrolled teeth with a complex appearance are seen 

 in Pilsbryspira nympha (Zonulispirinae) (Fig. 21). Although 

 these are hollow teeth with a small barb, the shaft is complex 

 and appears to be formed by partial enrolling of two units 

 (Fig. 21b). The tooth may be derived by the enrolling of the 

 elongate wishbone teeth typical of the Crassispirinae. (vi) 

 Vestigial teeth, semi-enrolled, with a gutter along the tooth. 

 Teeth of this type are considered by Bogdanov (1990) as 



derived from the distal part of the shaft of Type ii teeth. This 

 type of tooth is found in Propebela turricula and P. harpularia 

 (Oenopotinae) (Bogdanov, 1990, figs 41, 433). 



Glands of the foregut 



Salivary glands 



Salivary glands are present in most turrids, Conus and the 

 radulate species of Terebridae and Pervicaciidae. In most 

 species a pair of glands is present, but these may be fused 

 together. The salivary ducts always open into either side of 

 the buccal sac (Fig. 1). In Turricula nelliae spurius, which has 

 a distal buccal mass, the salivary glands are contained within 

 the proboscis and attached to the oesophagus (Miller, 1990). 



In most conoideans, the salivary glands are acinous, but in 

 the Mangeliinae, Thatcheriinae, Daphnellinae and Hae- 

 dropleura septangularis (Crassispirinae) the glands consist of 

 long, convoluted, single tubes (Sheridan et a/., 1973; own 

 observations). 



Turrids without a radula also lack salivary glands, but in 

 the Terebridae, glands are present in some radula-less forms, 

 such as Terebra gouldi and T. maculata (Miller, 1970, 1975). 



Accessory salivary glands 



These are known in a few species of Turridae, some Conidae 

 (Marsh, 1971; Schultz, 1983) and Terebridae (Taylor & 

 Miller, 1990; Taylor, 1990). They have a similar histology to 

 the accessory salivary glands found in other neogastropod 

 families such as the Muricidae (Andrews, 1991). Further- 



Fig. 21. Enrolled teeth of Pilsbryspira nympha. a. several adjacent marginal teeth. Scale bar = 25 um. b. detail of base of tooth showing 

 double structure (arrow) suggesting that tooth may be formed by the enrolling of wishbone teeth. Scale bar = 5 um. 



Fig. 22 Single marginal teeth from Turridae and Terebridae. a. Ptychobela griffithi. Scale bar = 10 urn. b. Hastula bacillus. Scale bar = 

 5 um. c. Glyphostoma Candida Scale bar = 50 um. d. enlargement of the tip of the G. Candida tooth. Scale bar = 10 um. e. Genota 

 mitraeformis. Scale bar = 20 um. f. Terebra babylonia. Scale bar = 20 um. g. Conus ventricosus Scale bar = 20 um. 



