56 



T.G. PILLAI AND H.A. TEN HOVE 



Remarks. Although the few damaged specimens from Stn. 

 7.D06 are very similar to 5. capeverdensis in most respects, 

 only 2 tube parts (out of 10 recognizable fragments) showed a 

 serrated dorsal ridge and possibly latero-ventral knobs. As 

 opposed to all material of S. capeverdensis studied so far, a 

 specimen in a tube without visible internal structures showed 

 a bell-shaped operculum with 13 radii. Therefore the identifi- 

 cation of this lot is left at ? capeverdensis. 



Live material. No records. 



Etymology. Named after the type locality. 



Habitat and distribution. S. capeverdensis sp. nov. is 

 known only from the Cape Verde Islands, mainly from 

 depths of 75-200m where the bottom consists of various 

 combinations of coarse sand, shell gravel, calcareous stones, 

 calcareous nodules, calcareous algae and sponges, on which it 

 occurs among the epifauna. 



Scuba diving to 15-20m, in a total of 28 different stations 

 off the Cape Verde Islands during CANCAP-VI and CAN- 

 CAP-VII, did not yield this species from the shallower 

 coastal waters. However, the dives yielded a different spe- 

 cies, S. ypsilon sp. nov., from these depths which, in the 

 Mediterranean, are typical for S. massiliensis. 



Spiraserpula ypsilon sp. nov. 



Figs. 6, A-K; 7, A-T; 34, G; PI. 1, B) 



Synonymy. Serpula massiliensis: ten Hove & Aarts, 1986: 

 35 (tropical E. Atlantic record only). 



Material examined. 



Cape Verde Islands: CANCAP stations. Scuba diving sta- 

 tions: 1. 6.D01; S coast of Sao Tiago, SE of Porto Praia, 15m 

 (1 specimen, RMNH 18177). 2. 6.D02; S coast of Sao Tiago, 

 Baia de Santa Clara, 20m, caves in rock (2 out of several 

 specimens; RMNH 18187; BM(NH) 1992.85-115; FSBC I 

 39197 (1); AM W 20339 (1); NSMT (1)). 3. 6.D03; SW coast 

 of Brava, Porto dos Ferreiros, 15m (30 specimens: HOLO- 

 TYPE & 5 PARATYPES, RMNH 18176. Other 

 PARATYPES: ZMA V. Pol. 3650 (10); USNM 130993 (6) 

 and BM(NH) 1992.73-82 (10)). 4. 6.D06; SW coast of Sao 

 Nicolau, Baia do Tarrafal, 15m (4 specimens, RMNH 18188). 

 5. 6.D10; S. coast of Sao Vicente, 15m (5 out of several 

 specimens, RMNH 18189). Coastal stations: 6. 6.K13; SW 

 coast of Una Razo, (14 out of several specimens, RMNH 

 18190, ZMA V.Pol.3726, USNM). 7. 6.K15; SW coast of Una 

 de Santa Luzia, (1 out of several specimens; bulk RMNH 

 18191; clusters of 10-15 tubes each BM(NH), 1992.116-120; 

 ZMA V.Pol.3727; HUJ; Dr M. Jager). 8. 6.K21; NE coast of 

 Sao Vicente, Baia das Gatas, (3 specimens, RMNH 18192). 

 Scuba diving stations: 9. 7.D03; Cima, SE coast, (1 specimen, 

 RMNH 18193). 10. 7.D05; Maio, SW coast of Ponta Preta (2 

 out of few specimens, RMNH 18194). 11. 7.D06; Boa Vista, 

 Ilheu de Sal Rei, 12m (1 out of few specimens, ZMA 

 V.Pol.3728). 12. 7.D10; Razo, S coast, 20m (1 out of few 

 specimens RMNH 18195; BM(NH) 1992. 121-131; ZMH). 

 Dredging station:13. 6.148: off Sao Vicente, 100-200m (1 

 empty eroded tube; RMNH 18196). Tropical Western Atlan- 

 tic, Gulf of Mexico: 14. Florida, Stn. EJ66-460, 26°24'N 



82°28'W, 18m, 6.xii.l966, 'Hourglass' Stn J, (20 out of 

 several specimens, FSBC I, ZMA V.Pol. 3729, BM(NH) 

 1992. 132-147). 15. Florida: Stn. EJ 67-76, 27°37'N 83°28'W, 

 39m, 2. hi. 1967, 'Hourglass' Stn.C, (few specimens, FSBC I, 

 ZMA V.Pol.3730. 16. Florida: Stn. EJ67-328, 27°37N 

 83°07W, 18m, ll.ix.1967, 'Hourglass' Stn. B (4 out of several 

 specimens, ZMA V.Pol. 3731). Caribbean: 17. Aruba: Andi- 

 curi, cape W of beach, windward side, rockpool, exuberant 

 coral growth, strong wave action, 0.5m, legit H.A. ten Hove, 

 28.viii.1970, Stn.2034B (together with 5. caribensis sp. nov.; 

 ZMA V.Pol. 3732). 18. Colombia: Santa Marta area, Cabo 

 and Ojo del Aguja, 8-27m, legit J. W. Dulfer and M. J. C. 

 Rozenmeyer 1986, ident. as 5. massiliensis (1 damaged 

 specimen, tube; ZMA V.Pol. 3778). Bermuda: 19. Stn. 14, 

 legit Reed, with a note by Zibrowius in 1970 indicating that it 

 is a new species (3 specimens, USNM 43244). 



Type locality. Cape Verde Islands, Brava. 



Description. 



tubes: Faintly pinkish, often with a more pronounced shade 

 of light pink or light mauve in the granular overlay towards 

 their anterior ends. They normally occur in mutually bonded 

 highly coiled aggregations, occasionally also singly, adjacent 

 to the aggregations. The granular overlay is fine, somewhat 

 translucent and nearly uniform (partly shown in the top left 

 portion of Fig. 6, A). External longitudinal ridges are nor- 

 mally absent, but up to three may be faintly developed on the 

 less coiled tubes of solitary specimens. Their anterior por- 

 tions are generally attached, often with their lateral borders 

 extending somewhat over the substratum. Occasionally, they 

 possess erect ends which attain an external diameter of up to 

 1.25mm, and may bear a few peristomes which are usually 

 four-lobed and outwardly directed (Fig. 6, B). 



The ITS are more complicated than those of the other 

 known species of the genus, with the exception of the closely 

 related species S. paraypsilon sp. nov. As seen in carefully 

 opened tubes or through their fractured ends in an aggrega- 

 tion (Fig. 6, A), they consist of a serrated dorsal ridge, and a 

 thin, very fragile, Y-shaped ventral ridge (Fig. 3, G; Pl.l, B). 

 The gutter-shaped part and the stem of the latter gradually 

 decrease anteriorly until they are represented only by a 

 simple ventral ridge, which itself decreases in height and 

 gradually disappears (Fig. 6, A, bottom right corner). These 

 ridges commence in the first formed portions of the tube, but 

 usually extend more anteriorly than in most of the other 

 species of the genus. The inner translucent layer of the tube is 

 faintly pinkish, as is the Y-shaped ventral ridge. In addition, 

 the latter may possess one or two thin dark pink longitudinal 

 stripes on the outside of the gutter-shaped part, one along the 

 top and the other along the bottom. 



worms: Some measurements and counts are provided in 

 Table 5-8. 



The worms attain a total length of about 27.5mm, a 

 thoracic width of 0.6mm, a maximum of about 131 abdominal 

 segments, with capillaries on the last 10 segments or so. The 

 maximum number of radioles is 8 pairs. The two specimens 

 with 4 pairs of radioles are juveniles. The pinnule-free tips 

 are short to moderately long, up to about 1/5 the entire length 



Fig. 7 Spiraserpula ypsilon sp. nov. A-0, From type locality, CANCAP 6.D03. P-T, From Florida Stn. EJ 66-460. A-E, Bayonet chaetae 

 from same fascicle. F-I, Same, from second specimen. J, Thoracic uncini. K, Uncini from first abdominal torus. L, Uncini from third 

 abdominal torus. M, Anterior abdominal uncini from another specimen. N, Uncini from mid-abdominal torus (transitional region). O. 

 Posterior abdominal uncini. P-T, Bayonet chaetae of one fascicle. 



