PHYLOGENY OF ARIETELLID COPEPODS 



135 



however, has peculiar characters in the mandibular palp, 

 maxillule, maxilliped and leg 1 as indicated by Fosshagen 

 (1968). We were unable to re-examine the male type speci- 

 men; it is deposited neither in the Berlin Zoological Museum 

 (Dr. H.-E. Gruner, personal communication) nor at the 

 University of Leipzig (Prof. K. Drossier, personal communi- 

 cation), and may no longer be extant. Since Edwards' (1891) 

 description is not accurate enough to compare Rhapidopho- 

 rus with the other genera, the present study does not include 

 the genus in the cladistic analysis. 



Ecological note. Rhapidophorus was found in the water- 

 lung of a holothurian collected from the Bahamas, but was 

 stated to be free-living (Edwards, 1891). The compact body, 

 short antennule and stout legs suggest that it may originally 

 have been hyperbenthic. 



Genus Paramisophria T. Scott, 1897 



Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters of the genus have 

 already been given in detail by Ohtsuka et al. (1993a). 

 Supplemental diagnostic characters are given briefly here. 



Body lengths of female and male approximately 0.6 to 3 

 mm and 0.6 to 2 mm, respectively. Female antennules: 

 segments I — III fused; segments III and IV separate; segment 

 IV without aesthetasc; segments XXIII and XXIV separate; 

 posterior margin fringed with long setules from I to X. Male 

 left antennule: segments II and III with 1 seta; segment XIII 

 with 1 seta; segments XXI and XXII fused. Antenna: first 

 endopod with inner medial seta, second segment with 3 inner 

 setae at midlength, and 5 setae and 1 minute seta terminally; 

 exopod indistinctly 8- or 9-segmented, segment VIII with 

 seta. Mandibular gnathobase lacking or having a small tuft of 

 setules medially, with 3 teeth on cutting edge, dorsalmost of 

 which bifid at tip. Mandibular palp: seta on first exopod 

 segment not reduced; outer seta on fifth exopod segment 

 relatively long. Maxillulary coxal epipodite with 8 setae. 

 Maxilla: first praecoxal endite with 1-2 setae and vestigial 

 element, second endite with 2 setae. Maxilliped: setal for- 

 mula of endopod 1,4,4,3,3,4; innermost seta on fourth and 

 fifth endopod segments not rudimentary, setae a and b on 

 sixth segment not reduced. 



Type species. Paramisophria cluthae T. Scott, 1897 (mono- 

 typic). 



Other species. P. spooneri Krishnaswamy, 1959; P. ammo- 

 phila Fosshagen, 1968; P. giselae (Campaner, 1977); P. itoi 

 Ohtsuka, 1985; P. variabilis McKinnon and Kimmerer, 1985; 

 P. platysoma Ohtsuka and Mitsuzumi, 1990; P. japonica 

 Ohtsuka, Fosshagen and Go, 1991; P. fosshageni Othman 

 and Greenwood, 1992; P. reducta Ohtsuka, Fosshagen and 

 Iliffe, 1993; P. galapagensis Ohtsuka, Fosshagen and Iliffe, 

 1993; P. cluthae sensu Tanaka (1966). 



Remarks. Parapseudocy clops Campaner, 1977 was synony- 

 mized with the genus Paramisophria (Ohtsuka et al., 1991). 



Ecological note. Paramisophria is mainly distributed in 

 the near-bottom communities on the continental shelf (Oht- 

 suka et al., 1991), but also colonizes marine caves (Ohtsuka 

 etal., 1993a). 



Paramisophria japonica Ohtsuka, Fosshagen and Go, 

 1991 (Figs 19.20F) 



Material examined. 9 • 



Body length. 1.85-2.08 mm (after Ohtsuka et al., 1991). 



Description. Female. Genital double-somite (Fig. 19A) 

 wider than long, with pair of gonopores anteroventrally and 

 single copulatory pore ventromedially; seminal receptacle 

 located lateromedially; copulatory duct thin. 



Antennule: segments X to XII, and XIV and XV only 

 partly fused near posterior margin; segments XXV and XXVI 

 incompletely fused; segments I to X fringed by long setules 

 along posterior margin; fusion pattern and armature as 

 follows: I— III— 7 + 2 aesthetascs (1-3 + aesthetasc, II— 2, III— 2 

 + aesthetasc), IV-2, V-2 + aesthetasc, VI-2 + aesthetasc, 

 VII-2 + aesthetasc, VIII-2 + aesthetasc, IX-2 + aesthetasc, 

 X-2 + aesthetasc, XI-2 + aesthetasc, XII-2 + aesthetasc, 

 XIII-2 -I- aesthetasc, XIV-2 + aesthetasc, XV-2 + aes- 

 thetasc, XVI-2 + aesthetasc, XVII-2 + aesthetasc, XVIII-2 

 + aesthetasc, XIX-2 + aesthetasc, XX-2 + aesthetasc, 

 XXI-2 + aesthetasc, XXII-1, XXIII-1, XXIV-XXVIII-12 

 + 2 aesthetascs (XXIV- 1 + 1, XXV- 1 + 1 + aesthetasc, 

 XXVI-XXVIII-8 + aesthetasc). 



Maxilla: first praecoxal endite with 1 seta and vestigial 

 element, second with 2 finely spinulose setae (Fig. 19C); 

 basal spine naked. Maxilliped: fourth and fifth segments (Fig. 

 19D) with relatively long innermost seta; sixth segment (Fig. 

 19E) with setae a and b not reduced. 



Leg 5 (Fig. 20F): coxae and intercoxal sclerite almost 

 completely fused to form common base; endopod almost 

 completely fused to basis with fine suture visible on posterior 

 surface; first exopod segment clearly separate from second; 

 second and third exopod segments completely fused. 



Paramisophria giselae (Campaner, 1977) (Fig. 20A-E) 



Material examined. $, holotype, Museu de Zoologia, 

 University of Sao Paulo, reference number 4004. §, 

 paratype. Zoology Department, Instituto de Biociencias, 

 University of Sao Paulo, number 173. 



Body length. 2.55, 2.60 mm (after Campaner, 1977). 



Description. Posterior lateral corners of second and third 

 pedigerous somites asymmetrically produced: corners more 

 sharply pointed on right side than on left. Genital double- 

 somite (Fig. 20A) longer than wide; genital system similar to 

 that of P. japonica, but differing in: copulatory pore located 

 on right side; seminal receptacle located near gonopore; 

 copulatory pore relatively thick. 



Antennary exopod (Fig. 20B) indistinctly 9-segmented; 

 terminal segment with 2 long plumose setae and vestigial 

 seta. Mandibular gnathobase with small tuft of setules medi- 

 ally; 3 teeth on cutting edge, dorsalmost of which bifurcate at 

 tip. Mandibular palp similar to that of P. japonica: endopod 

 rudimentary, 1-segmented, with 2 setae of unequal lengths; 

 seta on first exopod segment not reduced; outer seta on fifth 

 exopod segment relatively long. Maxillule similar to that of 

 P. japonica except for relatively long seta on coxal endite: 

 praecoxal arthrite with 5 naked spines and 1 process; coxal 

 epipodite with 8 setae; small basal seta present; endopod 

 bulbous, 1-segmented with 3 setae of unequal lengths. Max- 

 illa: first praecoxal endite (Fig. 20C) with 2 spinulose setae 

 and rudimentary element, second (Fig. 20C) bearing 2 spinu- 



