D. JAUME AND G.A. BOXSHALL 



process bearing 1 long, plumose seta; 1 flanged spine present 

 subdistally on each side of process, outer stouter, longer than 

 segment; inner spine less than half length of outer spine; spinule 

 ornamentation on segment as figured. 



Adult male. Body (Figs 4A, B) up to 0.38 mm long, more 

 slender than female. Urosome 6-segmented, with genital somite 

 (Fig. 4C) symmetrical, slightly expanded laterally; paired gonopores 

 opening ventrally at posterior border of somite; genital opercular 

 flaps each armed with tiny inner spine plus 2 long, outer setae. 



Antennules (Fig. 4D) 15-segmented, symmetrical, digeniculate. 

 Geniculations between segments homologous with ancestral seg- 

 ments XV and XVI (9 and 10), and between XX and XXI (13 and 

 14). Segment 9 (XV) cup-shaped, forming sheath around proximal 

 half of segment 10 (XVI). Segmental fusion pattern and armature as 

 follows: segment 1 (corresponding to fused ancestral segments I and 

 II), 3 setae + aesthetasc; segment 2 (fused ancestral segments III to 

 V), 5 setae; segment 3 (fused ancestral segmentsVI andVII), 4 setae; 

 segment 4 (VIII), 2 setae; segment 5 (partially fused ancestral 

 segments IX to XI), 6 setae; segments 6 to 9 (XII to XV), 2 setae 

 each; segment 10 (XVI), 1 pectinate spine, 1 seta + aesthetasc; 

 segments 1 1 and 12 (XVII and XVIII), 1 pectinate spine and 1 seta 

 each; segment 13 (fused ancestral segments XIX and XX), 1 pecti- 

 nate spine, 1 modified flattened spine, and 1 seta; segment 14 (fused 

 ancestral segments XXI and XXII), 1 modified flattened, spine 

 plate, 1 seta + aesthetasc; segment 15 (fused ancestral segments 

 XXIII to XXVIII), 1 1 + aesthetasc. 



Segmentation and setation of other cephalosomic appendages and 

 swimming legs 1 to 4 as in female, except mandibular palp (Fig. 2B); 

 distal brush-like seta on exopod much shorter and thicker, setules on 

 tip longer than in female. 



Fifth legs (Fig. 4E) resembling female condition, but with 2 

 additional setae implanted subdistally along inner margin of exopod. 



Remarks. The Cyclopina from the cave on Mallorca belongs to 

 the group of species in the genus that displays a female leg 5 with the 

 inner spine of distal segment less than half the length of the outer 

 spine, the latter being longer than the segment itself. This group 

 comprises Cyclopina esilis Brian, 1938, C. americana Herbst, 1982, 

 and C. cuipora Lotufo, 1994. The taxon from Mallorca differs 

 clearly from C cuipora. The female antennule is 10-segmented (not 

 12-segmented as in C. cuipora), and the intercoxal sclerite of leg 4 

 is almost completely smooth (not powerfully ornamented with 

 several rows of thick spinules as in C. cuipora) (Lotufo, 1994). 

 Differences from C americana include the short, subquadrate cau- 

 dal rami (Herbst, 1982) which contrast with the elongate (2.5 to 3.2 

 times as long as wide) caudal rami of the Mallorcan taxon. 



The Cyclopina from Mallorca is identified as C. esilis, based on 

 the segmentation of the female antennule, the setation of leg 5 and 

 the proportions of the caudal rami. We noted variation in the 

 proportional length of the caudal rami within the Mallorcan popula- 

 tion. A similar degree of variability in length of the caudal rami has 

 been reported in C. esilis (Brian, 1938; Monchenko, 1979). 



Apparent differences in the armature of mouthparts have not been 

 evaluated since we suspect that the armature of mouthparts in C. 

 esilis (as in most species of Cyclopina) were inadequately described 

 in the original descriptions. This is evident in the presence of a coxal 

 endite, armed with 1 seta, on the maxillule of the Cyclopina from 

 Mallorca. This character state (presence of coxal endite) had never 

 previously been noted in Cyclopina and was known only from 

 Cyclopinodes elegans (T Scott, 1894) in the family Cyclopinidae 

 (Huys & Boxshall, 1991 ). The coxal endite may well be present on 

 the maxillule of all Cyclopina species. It is present in C. gracilis 

 Claus, 1863 from the coast of Scotland (BMNH 1986.377) (pers. 



obs.), and perhaps also in C oblivia Monchenko, 198 1 , according to 

 Monchenko (1989: Fig. 9). 



The Cyclopina reported by Herbst (1953; 1962) from Banyuls 

 (South France) and from Brittany (NW France) as C. cf. kieferi 

 Schafer, 1936 was recorded living as a commensal with polychaetes 

 (Bretagne) and free-living in the marine interstitial (Banyuls). The 

 illustrations provided by Herbst differ from the original description 

 by Schafer (1936) in an important character for the taxonomy of the 

 genus, the relative length of the female leg 5 exopodal spines. This 

 discrepancy was already noted by Lotufo (1994) when he presented 

 the differential diagnosis of C. yutimaete Lotufo in comparison to C. 

 kieferi. As the female leg 5 of C. cf. kieferi figured by Herbst (1953; 

 1962) is identical to that of C. esilis, we here consider Herbst's 

 material as belonging to C. esilis. 



The distribution of Cyclopina esilis thus encompasses the littoral 

 zone from the Black Sea to the western approaches of the English 

 Channel; a distribution equivalent to the Mediterranean and 

 Lusitanian provinces of classical marine biogeography (Ekman, 

 1953). 



Family CYCLOPIDAE Dana, 1846 

 Subfamily HALICYCLOPINAE Kiefer, 1927 

 Genus Neocyclops Gurney, 1 927 



Neocy clops (Protoneocyclops) mediterraneus (Kiefer, 

 1960) 



(Figs 5-7) 



Pareuryte mediterranea: Kiefer (1960). 



Neocyclops remanei mediterraneus: Pesce & Galassi (1987) 



Material examined. Cova 'C' de CalaVarques (Manacor). UTM 

 coordinates: 525.27; 4372.19. Topography in Trias & Mir (1977): 

 Two adult males (one not preserved) and 2 copepodids (one not 

 preserved) (BMNH 1995. 1329-1330). Collected by authors, 29 

 March 1995. 



Adult male. Body (Fig. 5A) cyclopiform, up to 0.58 mm long, 

 colourless. Nauplius eye absent. Prosome about 1 .4 times as long as 

 urosome, 5-segmented, first pedigerous somite completely con- 

 cealed by carapace-like, posterior extension of cephalosome. Rostrum 

 (Fig. 5B) triangular in frontal view. Urosome 6-segmented, robust. 

 Fifth pedigerous somite with pointed posterolateral angles; entire 

 hyaline frill adorning posterodorsal margin of somite. Genital somite 

 (Fig. 5C) slightly expanded laterally, with ventrolateral fold each 

 side of somite at about one-third distance from posterior margin; 

 folds slightly projecting dorsally. Paired gonopores opening ventrally, 

 each covered by opercular flap derived from sixth leg; flaps each 

 armed with 1 inner flanged spine and 2 outer plumose setae. 

 Abdominal somites 1 to 3 subequal, with posterior margins adorned 

 with entire hyaline frill. Anal somite bearing operculum dorsally at 

 about midlength; operculum ornamented with serrate hyaline frill; 4 

 rows of transverse setules adorning sides of anal cleft; posterolateral 

 margins of somite bearing serrate hyaline frill. Caudal rami 2.6 

 times as long as wide, inserted widely separate from each other; 

 secondary ornamentation of pores and tiny spinules distributed as 

 figured; armature consisting of 7 setae; seta I reduced, tiny, im- 

 planted ventrolaterally about one-third of distance along ramus; seta 

 II implanted dorsolateral^ at about three-quarters of distance along 

 ramus. 



Antennules (Fig. 5E) 1 6-segmented, not extending beyond poste- 

 rior margin of prosome, symmetrical, digeniculate (Fig. 5A). 



