EPAXIAL MUSCLES AND ACANTHOMORPH RELATIONSHIPS 



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Table 1 List of taxa examined for epaxial muscle morphology. Morphological types: - no association with distal tips of dorsal-fin 



pterygiophores; 1 - partially separate muscle block or series of slips of muscle fibers that insert on to the dorsoposterior and dorsolateral 

 processes of the proximal-middle and/or distal radials of the dorsal-fin ptergygiophores; 2 - insertions to the distal portions of the 

 pterygiophores without an obvious separation from the main muscle body and with no separate anterior slip; 3 - completely separate slip of 

 muscle dorsal to the main body of the epaxialis inserting on to an anterior pterygiophore shaft with dorsal insertions on to more posterior 

 spine-bearing pterygiophores and the first pterygiophore bearing a segmented ray, then becoming continuous with the supracarinalis 

 posterior. Orders are listed phylogenetically following Johnson & Patterson (1993); suborders, families, and species are listed alphabetically 

 within orders. Incertae sedis genera of Percoidei are listed alphabetically among families. 



Taxon, Catalogue No., SL (mm) 



Type 



Taxon, Catalogue No., SL (mm) 



Type 



LAMPRIDIFORMES 

 Veliferidae 



Veliferhypselopterus, AMNH 49575, 118.0 

 POLYMIXIIFORMES 

 Polymixiidae 



Polymixia lowei, AMNH 10116, 131.0 

 PARACANTHOPTERYGII 

 Aphredoderidae 



Aphredoderus sayanus , AMNH 50907, 53.5 

 Batrachoididae 



Opsanus beta, AMNH 52369, 115.0 

 Brotulidae 



Dinematichthys sp., USNM 297347, 88.5 

 Gadidae 



Urophycisfloridanus, MPM 8409, 76.6 

 Lotidae 



Lota lota, MPM 28380, 100.0 

 Percopsidae 



Percopsis omiscomaycus , MPM 14060, 77.1 

 ZEIFORMES 

 Parazenidae 



Parazen pacificus, AMNH 29459, 116.5 

 BERYCIFORMES 

 Holocentridae 



Myripristispralinus, USNM 285922, 113.5 



Sargocentron vexillarus, MPM 30099, 56.7 

 Trachichthyidae 



Hoplostethus mediterraneus, AMNH 49700, 1 17.0 

 SYNBRANCHIFORMES 

 Mastacembelidae 



Caecomastacembelus congricus, AMNH 6157, 145.0 



Mastacembelus armatus, FMNH 68484, 190.0 

 ELASSOMATIFORMES 

 Elassomatidae 



Elassoma okefenokee, MPM 28810, 20.5 



E. zonatum, MPM 14480, 28.5 

 GASTEROSTEIFORMES 

 Aulostomatidae 



Aulostomus maculatus, MPM 25182, 174.2 

 Aulorhynchidae 



Aulorhynchm flavidus, AMNH 58939, 123.0 

 Gasterosteidae 



Culaea inconstans, MPM 26675, 50.2 



Gasterosteus aculeatus, AMNH 37959, 54.0 

 Macrorhamphosidae 



Macrorhamphosus scolopax, AMNH 84458, 85.5 

 MUGILIFORMES 

 Mugilidae 



Agonostomus monticola, MPM 13806, 41.0 



Mugilcephalus, USNM 152118, 93.2 



M. curema, MPM 6817, 56.4 

 ATHERINIFORMES 

 Atherinidae 



Atherinomorus stipes , MPM 30102, 53.4 



Menidia beryllina, MPM 30404, 63.0 

 CYPRINODONTIFORMES 

 Cyprinodontidae 



Cyprinodon variegatus, MPM 28940, 45.6 

 Fundulidae 



Fundulus catenatus, MPM 15271, 70.8 



Poeciliidae 



Poecilia mexicana, MPM 8283, 55.4 

 DACTYLOPTERIFORMES 

 Dactylopteridae 



Dactylopterus volitans, USNM 307210, 59.5 

 PERCIFORMES 

 Acanthuroidei 

 Acanthuridae 



Acanthurus triostegus, USNM 139750, 73.5 

 Ephippididae 



Chaetodipterus zonatus, USNM 131415, 48.9 

 Scatophagidae 



Scatophagusargus, BMNH 1976.4.13:2-7, 48.3 

 Anabantoidei 

 Anabantidae 



Anabas testudineus, AMNH 13766, 65.0 

 Badidae 



Badis badis, USNM 89076, 26.8 

 Belontiidae 



Belontia signata, USNM uncat., 64.4 



Macropodus operculars , AMNH 10641, 38.7 

 Channidae 



Channa arga, AMNH 79406, 121.0 



C. obscurus, FMNH 70260, 136.0 

 Nandidae 



Monocirrhus polyacanthiis, USNM uncat., 68.0 



Nandus nebulosus, USNM 230323, 47.7 



Polycentrus schomburgki, USNM 226071, 41.7 

 Pristolepidae 



Pristolepisfasciata, USNM 305711, 75.7 

 Blennioidei 

 Blenniidae 



Enlomacrodus nigricans, MPM 18256, 55.4 



Hypleurochilus aequipinnis, MPM 23034, 28.2 



Ophioblennius atlanticus, MPM 24880, 52.4 



Scartella cristata, MPM 18231, 62.0 

 Chaenopsidae 



Acanthemblemaria greenfieldi, MPM 24876, 30.4 



A. aspera, MPM 29983, 24.7 



Emblemariapandionis, BMNH 1938.2.2:2, 39.3 



Stathmonotus gymnodermis, MPM 24881, 23.6 



S. stahli, BMNH 1939.5.12:183-189, 18.8 

 Clinidae 



Clinoporus biporosus, BMNH 1935.4.29:1-8, 89.5 



Clinuscottoides, BMNH 1887.4.16:3-5, 93.0 

 Dactyloscopidae 



Dactyloscopus tridigitatus , MPM 24981, 60.0 



Gillellus uranidea, MPM 30131, 29.5 

 Labrisomidae 



Labrisomus bucciferus, MPM 31163, 57.0 



L. nuchipinnis, MPM 18253, 82.0 



Malacoctenus gilli, MPM 24947, 49.1 



M. versicolor, MPM 22469, 36.0 



M. zonifer, BMNH 1861.8.13:33, 47.3 



Paraclinusfasciatus, MPM 25004, 36.2 



Starksia lepicoelia, MPM 29994, 23.5 

 Tripterygiidae 



Enneanectes atrorus, MPM 30216, 21.0 



E. boehlkei, MPM 11572, 18.2 



E. pectoralis, MPM 22463, 26.5 



Lepidoblennius haplodactylus , BMNH 1890.9.23, 63.6 



