1865.] Description of the Buddhist Ruins at Bakariya Kund. 11 
the most fastidious must pronounce to be of no mean order of beauty. 
A small cloister was originally connected with the south-west corner 
of the temple, as is shown by the continuation of the ancient basement 
moulding, a moulding which surrounds indeed all Buddhist buildings 
in these parts. This was probably the vestry or retiring room of the 
officiating priests. Some of its walls are still visible. 
It is greatly to be regretted that a large portion of the site of these 
ruins is in a disgustingly filthy state, so that none but the most ardent 
investigator would care to visit a place so foul and abominable. 
As to the date of the buildings which have been briefly described, 
some of them at least must have been erected as early as the large 
tower at Sarnath, which General Cunningham considers was in exist- 
ence in the beginning of the fifth century of our era, and was then 
seen by the traveller Fa Hian. They formed probably one of the 
thirty monasteries referred to by Hwan Thsang, to which allusion has 
already been made. When looking upon these extensive ruins, we 
cannot fail to recall the time when they were frequented by crowds of 
priests and disciples of the Buddhist faith.. Then probably the tank 
was surrounded on three sides by a lofty terrace of stone, while a large 
ghaut or flight of steps was on its southern side. Around the edges 
of this terrace, both to the south and west, ran cloisters, and to the east 
there must have been massive temples capable of carrying such caps or 
‘kalases,’ one of them nine feet in diameter, as have been referred to 
in this description. It is a matter of much inteyest to the archeologist, 
to try and save from total oblivion these few traces of the past, when 
the Buddhists, who long ages since were expelled from the country, 
were still famous, if not powerful, and were already engaged in that 
tremendous struggle with the Brahmins, which eventually terminated 
in their own utter extinction in India. 
We propose shortly submitting some notes relating to the numerous 
symbols found on the stones at Bakariya Kund and _ elsewhere, 
commonly known as mason’s marks, and would invite correspondence 
with any parties interested in the subject. A comparison of symbols 
found in various places would be curious, and would render our paper 
more complete. 
In illustration of the foregoing paper, there are herewith submitted 
two Plans, one representing this entire locality, and the other the 

