1865.) Ancient Indian Weights. 67 
It has been usual to read the name of this king as Kwnanda, and 
tested by the limitations of the Indian Pali alphabet proper, the initial 
compound should stand for Ku and nothing else; but as some of th 
lately-acquired specimens have furnished, for the first time, an approx- 
imate reading of the name in the counterpart Bactrian character on 
the reverse, giving the indubitable foot-stroke to the right, which 
constitutes the subjunct 7, appended to the x, there can be no reasonable 
doubt but. that. Krananda is the correct transliteration. The apparent 
anomaly of supposing that the Indian P4éli borrowed this form of 
suffixed 7 from its fellow alphabet is disposed of by its use a second 
time in this legend, in the Pali Bhrata. With similar licence, the 
Bactrian writing, to supply its own deficiencies, appropriated the Pali 
gh in Ragha, corresponding with the Rajnah of the obverse. 
The copper coins of this class follow the typical devices of the silver 
money, varying, however, in shape and weight to such an extent as to 
indicate a. very general. and comprehensive original currency. A 
peculiarity in which they depart from the parallel issues of silver, is 
the total omission of the counterpart reverse legend in Bactrian Pali, 
occasionally so imperfectly rendered even in the best designed mintages, 
and the superscription is confined to what we must suppose to have 
been the local Indian Pali character, in-which mint artisans and the 
public at large were probably much. better versed. 
The ninth, or one of the nine Nandas, seems to have been-popularly 
designated Dhana Nanda, or the rich Nanda,* and certainly, if the 
extant specimens of the money bearing the impress of the name of 
Wilson (Megha Dita, verse 534) has the following note on the subject, ‘The 
Padma, “ Mahapadma, Sankha, Makara, Kachhapa, Mukunda, Nanda, Nila, 
and Kharva, are the nine Nidhis.” 
_ “Some of the words bear the meanings of precious. or holy things : thus Padma 
is the Lotus; Sankha the shell or conch. Again some of them imply large 
numbers; thus Padma is 10,000 millions, and Mahapadma is 100,000 millions, 
‘&c. but all of them are not received in either the one or the other acceptation, 
We may translate almost all into things: thus, a lotus, a large lotus, a shell, a 
certain fish, a tortoise, a crest, a mathematical figure used by the Jainas [No. 
18, above ?] Nila refers only to colour; [No’ 21 supra ?] but Kharva, the ninth, 
means a dwarf.” See also As. Res. xx. p. 544. 
There is a very full list of Buddhist symbols in Captain Low’s paper on 
“ Buddha and the Phrabat,” in the Transactions of the R. A. S., vol. iii. p. 57, 
which has been commented on, in detail, by M. E. Burnouf, in his “ Lotus de la 
bonne loi’ (Paris, 1852), p. 626. 
* Mahawanso (Tika), xxxix. “Vishnu Purdna,’’ note, p. 468. Max Miiller, 
“Sanskrit Literature,” p. 281. 
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