112 Literary Intelligence. [No. 2, 
great quantity of flaws. I had intended it for presentation to the 
British Museum. But the fame of the jewel was so hinted about, 
that my own Sikh Guard coalesced and carried off the box in which 
the relic was. The theft was proved, the culprits were all punished, 
and everything was recovered, but the one great thing; notwithstand- 
ing that Major Abbott and myself offered very large rewards for its 
recovery. 
“You may be aware that whilst in Hazara, I greatly amused myself 
in excavating topes, and only desisted by finding it not at all a paying 
thing, and besides the natives of the country took to opening the topes 
and selling any relics found to Major Abbott and myself. Thus 
from living in the country, hearing the legends of the land, studying 
coins and books, and from my own explorations, I formed my own 
conclusions on these topes, which in the main, I believe all subsequent 
theories and discoveries have proved to be pretty correct. The con- 
clusion was that such large grand topes as Manykyala and Bulhur 
were the Westminster Abbeys of bygone Buddhist cities, at once a 
great religious building and the regal burial-place, answering to the 
great Rangoon Pagoda, and to the Bodh Nath of Nepal, only that 
these buildings are seen in the days of Buddhistic decadence, those 
existed in the days of its glory. Around Bulhur and Manykyala are 
the easily traceable remains of cities that must once have had 150,000 
inhabitants each. Taking Bulhur and Shah ke Dehri, places on the 
right and left banks of the Hurroo river and going up the stream ten 
miles, you do not go over a yard of what was not, in olden times, 
built over. I have gone over every inch of it and was astounded to 
find every where building remains. Thus all the smaller topes, I 
conclude from the facts already adduced and from what I see of 
modern Buddhism, were at once both religious and burial buildings in 
the enciente of old Buddhist cities. And further they belonged either 
to noble families, good families, guilds, wards, parishes or priests. 
“ T went to see the Stupa from which my emerald relic was excavated. 
I conceived, judging from its foundation, that when it stood in its 
integrity, it.was from 50 to 80 feet high, or such a building as could 
be afforded by a Chinese Mandarin or a Thibetan Lama of our time, 
and such as still abound in Nepal. I therefore concluded that my 
emerald relic had belonged to a noble Buddhist lady ; that it was in 

