134 On the Sena Rajds of Bengal. [No. 3, 
ever, be altogether prevented, and the successors of Ballala somewhat 
encouraged them, by raising the social status of those plebeans who 
succeeded in securing the alliances of kulinas. Wealthy maulikas large- 
ly availed themselves of the opportunity which was thus given them 
of rising in social rank, and the cupidity of our nobility has of late 
encouraged them by a system of polygamy which has made kulinism 
in Bengal, a positive nuisance to society. 
The son and successor of Balldla was Lakshmana Sena. The author 
of the Bakerganj plate makes him erect altarsand pillars of victory at 
Benares, Allahabad, and Jagannath, but ‘it may reasonably be doubt- 
ed,” says Prinsep, “ whether these monuments of his greatness ever 
existed elsewhere than in the poet’s imagination.” His prime minis- 
ter and Lord Chancellor (Dharmadhikara,) was Halayudha, son of 
Dhananjaya, of the Vatsya race, a Brahmin of great learning and a 
descendant of Bhattandréyana, the author of the Venisanhara. His 
eldest brother, Pashupati, wrote a treatise on the srdddha and other 
ceremonials under the title of Pashupati Paddhati. His next brother 
was a great scholar and professor of Smriti and the Mimafsa; he wrote 
a treatise on the diurnal duties of Brahmins which still exists— 
Alnika Paddhati. Walayudha himself is said to have written several 
works on Smriti, of which the most important is the Brahmana Sarva- 
sva. Init, he describes his patron in the usual grandiloquent terms 
of his time, but there is nothing in it to shew that he was other than a 
prince of mediocre merit. He is said by the Mahomedan historians to 
have greatly embellished the city of Gour, and called it after his own 
name Lakhnouty or Lakshmana-vati ; but the inscriptions are silent on 
the subject, as they are as regards the popular belief of Ballala Sena’s 
having built the town of Gour. 
Lakshmana was followed successively by his two sons, Madhava Sena 
and Kesava Sena. The Rdjdvali brings in a Su or Stra Sena after 
Kesava, and Mahomedan writers have a Noujib, a Narayan, a Lakh- 
mana, and a Lakhmaniyé to follow him; but no monumental record 
has yet been found to prove their ever having existed. An As’oka Sena 
also occurs as one of the kings of Gour, but his position in the list is 
nowhere defined. Of these therefore I have nothing to say. I shall 
make an exception, however, in favour of the last of the series. The 
Tabkat 1 Ndsivt of Minhajuddin Jowzjani says that the last king of 

