162 Report of the Archeological Survey. [No. 3, 
173. The most extensive discoveries at Mathura have been made 
in a mound close to the Jail, which, according to the inscriptions, 
would appear to have been the site of at least two different monas- 
teries, named the Huvishka Vihdra and the Kundokhara Vihdra. 
The first of these names I deciphered in 1860 from a cireular inscrip- 
tion round the base of a column, and the second name I found early 
in the present year, 1863, on a large flat slab of stone which had 
apparently been used as a seat. 
174. In my notice of the first discovery, which was published in 
the Asiatic Society’s Journal for 1860, I identified this Huvishka with 
his namesake of the Wardak inscription, and with the Hushka of the 
Raja Tarangini; and this identification has since been adopted by all 
who have made any reference to either of these records. The ques- 
tion is one of considerable importance, as it enables us to fix the date 
of the building of the monastery in the latter half of the century 
immediately preceding the Christian era, at which period the three 
Indo-Seythian princes, Hushka and his brothers, Kanishka and Jushka, 
ruled over Kabul, Kashmir, and the Punjab. The bases of about 30 
pillars belonging to this monastery have now been discovered, of which 
no less than 15 are inscribed with the names of the donors who pre- 
sented the columns to the monastery. But as one of these gifts 
consisted of six pillars, a second of 25, and a third of 26 pillars, there 
still remain 40 columns to be discovered, which will bring up the total 
number to 70. The diameter of the circular shafts of these pillars 
varies from 17 to 18 inches, and the side of the square base from 233 
to 24 inches. They are all very coarsely worked, the rough marks of 
the chisel never having been smoothed away. 
175. The name of the second monastery, Kwndokhara, refers, I 
believe, to the tank which lies immediately to the westward of the 
mound. At most of the old Buddhist sites I have found tanks named 
in a similar manner, as the Buddhokhar at Buddha Gaya, the Panso- 
khar at Nalanda, the Narokhar and Chandokhar at Sarnath, Benares, — 
the Buddhokhar at Punawa, and the Chandokhar at Dharawat. All 
of these I believe to be formed of Pushkhara, or Pokhar, the well 
known term for a tank, added to the name of Buddha, or to that of 
the person at whose expense it was excavated. 
176. The discoveries already made in the Jail mound, amongst 

