1865.] Report of the Archeological Survey. 207 
fixed with wires of gold. With Jaya Chandra ended the dynasty of 
the Rdhtors of the Doab and the wealth and importance of the far- 
famed Capital of Kanoj. Only one hundred and fifty years later it is 
deseriped by Ibn Batuta as a “small town,” and from that time down 
to the present this ancient city has gradually lessened in consequence ; 
but as it was close to the high road of the Doab, it still continued to 
be visited by numerous travellers who were attracted by its ancient fame. 
The final blow to its prosperity has now been given by the diversion 
of the Railroad to Etawa, which leaves Kanoj far away to the east, 
to be visited for the future only by the curious antiquary and the Civil 
Officials of the district. 
256. In comparing Hwen Thsang’s description of ancient Kanoj 
with the existing remains of the city, I am obliged to confess with 
regret that I have not been able to identify even one solitary site with 
any certainty ; so completely has almost every trace of Hindu occupa- 
tion been obliterated by the Musalmans. According to the traditions 
of the people, the ancient city extended from the shrine of Haji Har- 
mayan on the north near the Raj Ghit, to the neighbourhood of 
Miranka-Sara on the south, a distance of exactly three miles. Towards 
the west it is said to have reached to Kapatya and Makarandnagar, 
two villages on the high road, about three miles from Haji Harmdyan. 
On the east the boundary was the old bed of the Ganges, or Chota 
Ganga as the people call it, although it is recorded in our maps as the 
Kéli Nadi. Their account is that the Kali, or Kdlindri Nadi, former- 
ly joined the Ganges near Sangirémpur or Sangrdmpur ; but that 
several hundred years ago the great river took a more northerly course 
from that point, while the waters of the Kali Nadi continued to flow 
down the deserted channel. As an open channel still exists between 
Sangrémpur and the Kali Nadi, I am satisfied that the popular account 
is correct, and that the stream which flows under Kanoj, from San- 
grampur to Mhendi Ghat, although now chiefly filled with the waters 
of the Kali Nadi, was originally the main channel of the Ganges. 
The accounts of Fa Hian and Hwen Thsang, who place Kanoj on the 
Ganges, are therefore confirmed, not only by the traditions of the 
people, but also by the fact that the old channel still exists under the 
name of the Chota Ganga, or Little Ganges. 
257. The modern town-of Kanoj occupies only the north end of 

