208 Report of the Archeological Survey. ~ [No. 4, 
the site of the old city, including the whole of what is now called the 
Kilah or citadel. The boundaries are well defined by the shrine of 
Héji Harméyan on the north, the tomb of 7’ Bay on the south-west, 
and the Masjid and tomb of Makhdwm Jahdéniya on the south-east. 
The houses are much scattered, especially inside the citadel, so that 
though the city still covers nearly one square mile, yet the population 
barely exceeds 16,000 in number. The citadel, which occupies all the 
highest ground, is triangular in shape, its northern point being the 
shrine of Hajx Harmdyan, its south-west point the temple of Ajoy 
Pil, and its south-east point the large bastion called Kshem Kali Bairj. 
Hach of the faces is about 4,000 feet in length, that to the north-west 
being protected by the bed of the nameless dry Nala; that to the 
north-east by the Chota Ganga; while that to the south must have 
been covered by a ditch, which is now one of the main roads of the 
city, running along the foot of the mound from the bridge below Ajoy 
Pal’s temple to the Kshem Kali bastion. On the north-east face the 
mound rises to 60 and 70 feet in height above the low ground on the 
bank of the river ; and towards the Nala on the north-west, it still main- 
tains a height of from 40 to 50 feet. On the southern side, however, 
it is not more than 30 feet immediately below the temple of Ajoy Pal, 
but it increases to 40 feet below the tomb of Buld Pir. The situation 
is a commanding one; and before the use of cannon the height alone 
must have made Kanoj a strong and important position. The people 
point out the sites of two gates; the first to the north, near the shrine 
of Haji Harmdyan, and the second to the south-east, close to the 
Kshem Kali Bérj. But as both of these gates lead to the river it is 
certain that there must have been a third gate on the land side towards 
the south-west, and the most probable position seems to be immediate- 
ly under the walls of the Rang Mahal, and close to the temple of Ajoy 
Pal. 
258. According to tradition, the ancient city contained 84 wards, 
or Mahalas, of which 25 are still existing within the limits of the 
present town. If we take the area of these 25 wards at three-quarters 
of a square mile, the 84 wards of the ancient city would have covered 
just 24 square miles. Now, this is the very size that is assigned to 
the old city by Hwen Thsang, who makes its length 20 7, or 34 miles, 
and its breadth 4 or 5 lx, or just three-quarters of a mile, which mul- 

